A/HRC/43/CRP.6 particular children. In light of this, the situation at the time of writing throughout Syria continued to undermine the feasibility of the return of internally displaced persons and refugees. The physical impact of the conflict, along with attacks on educational personnel and displacement, will have a significant impact on education that will endure for years to come. This will severely affect a number of generations and impact upon their ability to exercise their rights and to positively contribute to communities and societies in the future. V. Conclusions 79. Children throughout the Syrian Arab Republic remain acutely vulnerable to violence and abuse. The overwhelming impact of the conflict on civilians revealed that children remain victimized on multiple grounds, and continue to be denied the protection to which they are entitled under international humanitarian and international human rights law. 80. Syrian children were killed and maimed as a consequence of attacks against civilians, indiscriminate attacks, and the use of tactics incompatible with the best interest of the child, such as siege tactics. The Commission documented attacks carried out by Government and pro-Government forces in densely populated areas without an apparent military objective, which caused scores of child casualties. These attacks amount to the war crime of launching indiscriminate attacks resulting in the death or injury of civilians. 81. In numerous aerial and ground attacks, Government forces targeted schools and caused widespread destruction of educational establishments. While schools can lawfully be targeted when used for military purposes, any attack in densely populated civilian areas requires effective advance warning, unless the circumstances do not permit. As previously documented by the Commission, Government forces often failed to provide such warnings prior to conducting attacks. The Commission further documented instances where Government forces deliberately attacked schools, and therefore committed the war crimes of deliberately targeting a civilian object and deliberately attacking civilians. 82. Through its widespread and systematic campaigns of arrests and detention targeting civilians broadly perceived to be supporting opposition groups, Government forces and associated militia detained children and subjected them to torture and ill –treatment, including rape and sexual violence. These acts, when committed after the start of the armed conflict, amount to the war crimes of murder, cruel treatment, torture, rape, sexual violence and outrages upon personal dignity. Furthermore, as previously established by the Commission, these acts constitute the crimes against humanity of murder, rape and other sexual violence, torture, imprisonment or other severe deprivation of physical liberty in violation of fundamental rules of international law, enforced disappearance and other inhuman acts. 83. Government forces and associated militia perpetrated rape and other forms of sexual violence against both girls and boys. Rapes and other acts of sexual violence at checkpoints and the imprisonment and rapes in detention that followed also formed part of a widespread and systematic attack directed against a civilian population, and amounted to crimes against humanity. When these acts were committed in the context of a non-international armed conflict, rape and other forms of sexual violence perpetrated by Government forces and affiliated militias at checkpoints also constituted the war crime of rape and other forms of sexual violence, including torture and outrages upon personal dignity. Furthermore, these acts amount to serious violations of international human rights law, including violations of the right to life, liberty and security of person, the right to freedom from torture and other forms of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment, and the right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health. 84. Children were recruited and used to actively participate in hostilities. Government forces and associated militias are responsible for using children under the age of 18 in hostilities, undermining their protection in armed conflict and exposing them to further risks to their life. Armed groups recruited and used children under the age of 18 in hostilities, exposing them to additional risk to their lives. Where those children are under the age of 15, 19