A/HRC/41/24 reflected in the outcome document and its actionable recommendations; and fourth, ensuring that, where relevant and appropriate, other States provide the necessary assistance to help countries under stress prevent atrocity crimes and protect their populations. 37. Although this is not done systematically, some States are including information on measures taken to tackle the risks associated with atrocity crimes in their national reports to the universal periodic review. For example, in its national report under the second cycle of the universal periodic review, Bosnia and Herzegovina affirmed that it had introduced necessary legislation to ensure “full rights and equality for all citizens, nations, ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as for members of all religious communities” (A/HRC/WG.6/20/BIH/1, para. 74) and that it had adopted a State law on the protection of rights of members of national minorities. These measures are aimed at reducing identitybased conflict and to mitigate intergroup tensions or patterns of discrimination against protected groups. Similarly, in its report under the third universal periodic review cycle (A/HRC/WG.6/28/CHF/1), Switzerland included measures it had taken to prevent racism and xenophobia, such as an Internet campaign to combat hate speech specifically targeting young people and issuing guidelines for teachers to encourage tolerance in the education system. Adopting an atrocity prevention lens in national reports requires incorporating a focus on identifying vulnerabilities and the measures States are implementing to help mitigate those vulnerabilities. Likewise, recommendations formulated during the peer-topeer review should propose measures related to identified vulnerabilities. 38. Member States have utilized the universal periodic review process to call for the ratification of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Prior to ratification, Dominica (2019), Malawi (2017) and Turkmenistan (2018) had supported recommendations within that mechanism to do so. Several States pending ratification of the Convention have also supported similar recommendations but have yet to implement them. I encourage all States to adhere to the Convention. I acknowledge efforts by Member States, including Armenia, Estonia, Ghana, Rwanda and Slovenia, which have ratified the Convention to utilize the universal periodic review process to actively and consistently recommend that States ratify the Convention. IV. Education and prevention of atrocity crimes 39. I have highlighted in past reports that education can play an important role in preventing genocide and other atrocity crimes by promoting pluralism, inclusion, and a greater understanding of the value of and respect for diversity (A/67/929–S/2013/399). Instilling these ideas in young people contributes to creating a society that is resilient to violence and atrocity crimes by mitigating long-term risk factors such as enrooted discriminatory attitudes and prejudice. To do so, education systems should reflect the ethnic, national and cultural diversity of societies and set an example of inclusiveness in their policies. They should also adopt and implement curricula and teaching methods that emphasize respect for diversity, equal citizenship and the importance of human rights, particularly non-discrimination. 40. In addition, education can help foster a culture of prevention by teaching new generations about past instances of systematic human rights violations, including genocides or other atrocity crimes. Education encourages a better understanding of past crimes, including the causes, dynamics and processes that led to them, such as discrimination and dehumanization of the affected group that preceded the violence. Education also examines the consequences of atrocity crimes and invites new generations to reflect on their society and inspires them to act against the warning signs. 41. Education is, further, a powerful tool to prevent incitement to violence that could lead to atrocity crimes. The 2005 World Summit Outcome linked the prevention of atrocity crimes to the prevention of incitement to violence. 7 Incitement to violence, especially where 7 Paragraph 138. 9