A/HRC/42/43/Add.2 and reconstruction need to receive support and training on the inclusion of older persons. 89. As climate change is already affecting Mozambique, the Independent Expert recommends that the Government carry out an in-depth analysis and mapping of persons in vulnerable situations, especially older persons. Unless community-based adaptation and mitigation strategies are developed to enhance the level of managing risks and future planning, households in disaster-prone areas will not be able to cope with and adapt to extreme climate-related events. In post-disaster settings, information on the humanitarian response and on the provision of services and support must be adapted to the specific needs and conditions of older persons, drawing upon existing standards, guidelines and best practices, such as the Operational Guidelines on the Protection of Persons in Situations of Natural Disasters, the Peninsula Principles on Climate Displacement within States and the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. Study and statistics 90. The Independent Expert encourages the Government to ensure the nationwide, systematic and regular collection of disaggregated data on impediments to the enjoyment of all human rights by older persons, such as all forms of discrimination on the basis of age, individually and cumulatively, exclusion, poverty and all forms of violence, abuse, neglect and maltreatment. 91. The Independent Expert stresses that the availability of data and analysis is a prerequisite for efficient policy design. She welcomes the research efforts undertaken thus far, and those envisaged, to analyse the current situation of older persons, identify trends and challenges and ensure a better understanding of the implications of an ageing population as an essential foundation for policy development. She recommends that a baseline study on the human rights of older persons in Mozambique be conducted, disaggregating the data by age to reflect the extreme heterogeneity of that particular group of persons, which would also allow the impact of the steps taken to be measured. Discrimination 92 Noting the existing non-discrimination provisions in the Constitution, the Independent Expert recommends the specific inclusion of disability and age as prohibited grounds of discrimination. She also encourages the Government to review its laws and policies in order to identify and rectify provisions that discriminate against older persons, including those with disabilities. 93. She also encourages the Government to consider establishing an independent national equality body to monitor and report on discrimination issues, including discrimination against older persons, promote equality and deal with complaints of discrimination in an expeditious manner, ensuring access to justice in the fight against discrimination and inequality. 94. Mindful of the colonial legacy, the consequences of conflict and war and the specific socioeconomic situation of Mozambique, the Independent Expert recommends that the Government continue to address the general patterns of discrimination that are prevalent in the country and are perpetuated in old age. She also notes the persistence of certain harmful practices of demonology and deep-rooted stereotypes regarding the roles and responsibilities of women and men within the family and society at large, which are among the root causes of violence against women in the private and public spheres. 95. She calls on the Government to remove existing barriers and to redress genderrelated factors that prevent older persons, particularly older women, from obtaining identity documents to be able to prove their age. 15