A/HRC/45/51/Add.1 E. Prison Reform and Torture Issue 15. Like many developing countries, Cambodia is in the stage of conducting its penal reform including prison reform. To address this issue, the Royal Government is also considering alternative to imprisonment and community-based treatments of offenders starting with juvenile delinquents (the “Tokyo Rules and Penal Code 2009”). 16. The act of torture and ill-treatment of detainees are serious violations under the Cambodian criminal law and the perpetrator including law enforcement personnel are subject to criminal liability. The Royal Government has taken serious prevention actions so far through training and law dissemination among law enforcement personnel as well as enforcement against perpetrators. In relation to pre-trial detention and its extension, it is upon the prerogative of the judiciary to decide in accordance with the provisions stipulated in the criminal code. Final court judgments are now shared with the prison authorities. 17. Cambodia became the first ASEAN state to ratify the United Nations Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture (OPCAT) on March 30, 2007 which in turn established an official mechanism for the prevention against torture in 2009, namely the National Mechanism for the Prevention Against Torture and its secretariat in 2010. Since OPCAT was ratified, Cambodia has been visited twice by the Subcommittee for the Prevention of Torture (SPT) in 2009 and 2013. In addition to good measures to prove that rights of detainees are being protected the Royal Government has allowed the UN special rapporteur Prof. Rhona Smith to visit places of detention on numerous occasions prior to 2018. 18. Article 38 of the Constitution and Article 321 of the criminal code nullify confessions derived from ill treatments or torture by the authority in the court of law. Articles 210 –215 of the CCKC, Article 25 and Article 81 of the 2011 Law on Prison as well as the prison regulations handbook all prohibit torture on all forms committed by competent officers who have the duty of care for detainees designated to them. 19. The government also pays much attention on the rights of the detainees through the regular inspection and monitoring of the prison situation in all provinces done by the Cambodian Human Right Committee. Through this monitoring mission, the committee has also intervened several cases related with issue of improper treatment and violence against detainees and also disseminated the domestic and international rules and regulations related with the rights of detainees among all stakeholders through the meeting with prison officials, court officials, local authorities, police and detainees. F. Measure to protect and help vulnerable group from Covid-19 20. To help protect and support the social and economic rights of the vulnerable group form covid-19, the government has established a program to give cash handouts to the country poorest households to alleviate the financial burden caused by coronavirus. The program will provide 20$ to rural families and 30$ to urban families because living expenses are higher in cities. The transfer will be supplemented by smaller payments for each family member, and additional 10$ for live-in parents over the age of 60 and family members who have HIV infections. 21. The government will spend 25 million us dollar a month to provide money to 560,000 households identified by an existing program as the poorest, which account for about 2.3 million Cambodian, or about 14% of the almost 17 million populations. The cash transfer will be carried out in June and July and will be extended or expanded in the following months according to economic and coronavirus condition G. Administration of Justice, Lengthy pre-trial detention and Case backlog 22. In principle, the charged person shall remain at liberty. However, the charged person may be provisionally detained under the conditions stated in Article 205 of the criminal code 5