A/HRC/41/46 I. Introduction 1. The present report builds on previous reports of the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children – namely the reports on the principle of due diligence in addressing trafficking in persons (A/70/260) and the right to an effective remedy for trafficked persons (A/HRC/17/35 and A/66/283), as well as the basic principles on the right to an effective remedy for victims of trafficking in persons (A/69/269, annex). 2. The Special Rapporteur had the opportunity to enrich the present report with information received during two expert consultations which she convened in Geneva (13– 14 December 2018) and Addis Ababa (31 January–1 February 2019). The first consultation brought together civil society representatives from the Americas and Europe, and representatives of the Council of Europe and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, as well as of United Nations agencies – the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the International Labour Organization, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women) – and of academia.1 The second consultation brought together experts from civil society organizations and academia operating in Africa, Asia and the Middle East, as well as representatives of IOM. 3. In the drafting of the present report, the Special Rapporteur also benefited from about 60 written contributions in response to her call for submissions, of which 35 were by States and the rest by civil society organizations and international organizations. 2 She would like to warmly thank all those who took the time to take part in her consultations and provide her with valuable inputs. She also expresses her sincere appreciation for the written information she received and, more generally, for the support provided to her mandate.3 II. Innovative and transformative models of social inclusion of survivors of trafficking in persons into societies A. Definition of social inclusion, and legal foundations 1. The notion of social inclusion of trafficked persons and survivors 4. Trafficking in persons constitutes a serious violation of human rights, the roots of which lie in social, economic and cultural factors. The human rights of victims should be at the centre of every measure taken to address trafficking, including during the identification process and during criminal proceedings. This means protecting victims from further exploitation and harm, and ensuring their access to immediate and adequate assistance, support and remedies.4 However, protection does not end with identification and referral to appropriate services, nor is it limited to the delivery of immediate and short-term assistance. Instead, it requires States to take robust and effective measures that can allow trafficked persons to rebuild their lives, free from threats of violence and exploitation, beyond the recovery and rehabilitation phase. 5. Commonly, trafficked persons who have been subjected to sexual, labour or any other form of exploitation face loss of self-esteem, marginalization and humiliation, which further isolates them from families and communities and increases their vulnerability, exposing them to the risk of being revictimized or retrafficked or falling prey to other criminal activities. Assistance provided to trafficked persons should therefore not only be 1 2 3 4 Special acknowledgement is due to the International Human Rights Clinic of the Duke University School of Law for its contribution to the present report. Unless otherwise specified, country situations mentioned in the present report come from the submissions sent by States. The activities of the mandate holder for the period October 2018–March 2019 are available at www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Trafficking/Pages/Activities.aspx. A/HRC/29/38, para. 58. 3