A/HRC/34/72 overhaul. The situation has also given rise to the large-scale displacement of civilian populations and looting of their property. 51. The Independent Expert has already had occasion to mention the extremist groups that attack the Malian authorities and the international forces and, increasingly often, commit acts of violence against civilians. He would also like to draw attention to some incidents that have occurred in the regions of Timbuktu and Mopti. On 7 and 8 August, the youth centre in Gossi, in the region of Timbuktu, was attacked during a concert organized by young people. A 17-year-old youth was killed and three others suffered bullet wounds. The violent extremist group in the region had openly expressed its disapproval of musical and social activities. On 9 August, the decapitated body of a 46-year-old member of the Berbiche community of Attorchane was found in the area. He had been abducted by three individuals, presumed to be members of this extremist group, during the night of 10 to 11 March 2016. On 14 September, a teacher of the Qur’an living in the region of Mopti was allegedly killed for his close ties with the Malian armed forces, having served as an interpreter during the arrest of a suspected jihadi. 52. These groups attack the Malian authorities, the security forces, the civilian population and the international forces. On 23 May, for example, an official of the Ministry of Water and Forests and his assistant were killed in Dialloube, in the region of Mopti, in the course of an attack by unidentified armed individuals on motorcycles. This official was the only government representative present in the commune of Dialloube. B. Intercommunal and intracommunal conflicts 53. The Independent Expert remains concerned by the conflicts between and within communities and by the human rights violations, which pose a clear threat to the peace process. He has taken note of the serious incidents that occurred during the period concerned and the authorities have intervened in a number of conflicts to reduce tension. 54. The Independent Expert monitored the intercommunal conflict that broke out on 13 April in the village of Adjora, 50 km north of Gossi, in the region of Timbuktu, between the Ifoghas and Imouchag factions of the Tuareg community. Human rights NGOs confirmed that two members of the Ifoghas community were killed as a result of a long-standing land dispute between the two opposing Tuareg factions and several local authorities. According to the same sources, the perpetrators belonged to the Imouchag faction. Since that incident, the Haut Conseil pour l’unité de l’Azawad (an armed group linked to the Ifoghas community) and the Groupe d’autodéfense des Touaregs Imghad et leurs alliés have increased the number of combatants deployed in the village. Concerned by the possibility of a more violent confrontation, a delegation made up of administrative authorities from Ghourma cercle and the village of Adjora has held meetings with the leaders of the two communities to ease the tension and prevent the escalation of intercommunal violence. 55. Intercommunal violence in Malemana between the Fulani and Bambara communities began in April and intensified at the start of May, claiming 25 lives. The Government responded rapidly in an effort to contain and manage the situation by dispatching a ministerial delegation to the region, organizing an intercommunal meeting and arresting 37 suspects. It is essential that these initiatives should be followed by investigations and appropriate legal proceedings. In April, intercommunity violence reawoke a long-standing land dispute in Timbuktu. Opposing factions of the Tuareg community clashed, causing two armed groups to increase their military presence in the area. In another incident, six armed members of the Fulani community killed the third Deputy Mayor of the commune of Kareri and a Bambara youth leader. Four members of the Fulani community in Malemana were killed in retaliation. In June, there were two cases of intercommunal violence and one land dispute in Mopti, in which 18 persons were killed and 45 persons were injured. 56. The Independent Expert has been informed that on 9 November, seven persons were injured in an intercommunal conflict between the small farmers of the Dogon community in the village of Guinadio and the farmers of the Fulani community in the village of Lessagou, in the region of Mopti (four minors from the Dogon community and three minors from the GE.17-02058 11