A/HRC/44/40/Add.2 D. Migrants 70. There are approximately 6 million migrants in Spain. 106 Those from outside the European Union have the highest risk of poverty and social exclusion (56 per cent) followed by European Union citizens (47.7 per cent) – both significantly higher than the Spanish population (23.1 per cent).107 For children with at least one migrant parent, the risk of poverty or social exclusion jumps to 49.6 per cent, the highest in the European Union.108 71. Civil society organizations described a resettlement system that left migrants and refugees unable to work and facing serious obstacles to decent housing because of the shortage of supply, requirements for access and discrimination in allocation. They often ended up in precarious or overcrowded situations. 109 72. Civil society organizations described highly distressing situations for migrant women and girls, especially those working in agriculture, including situations of high vulnerability, sexual and commercial exploitation, institutional violence and a lack of protection at the most basic levels. According to Women’s Link Worldwide, female agricultural workers are often deceived as to the terms of their employment and face 10hour days, sudden termination, wages of far less than the promised 40 euros per day and unreliable payments.110 73. Unaccompanied children, a vulnerable population that has been demonized in the current political debate, face an extremely concerning situation. Spain continues to use debunked, unreliable age assessments to determine the age of unaccompanied minors, including invasive and humiliating genital examinations, despite international censure (CRC/C/81/D/16/2017, paras. 12.7–12.10). The rejection of minor status can leave the individual without access to support or adult or child shelters, creating a gap that can push children into poverty and lead to trafficking, sex work, sexual abuse, drug dependence or even disappearance.111 74. In Huelva, workers are living in a migrant settlement in conditions that rival the worst the Special Rapporteur has seen anywhere in the world. They are kilometres away from water and live without adequate sanitation or legal access to electricity. Many have lived there for years and can afford to pay rent but said that no one would accept them as tenants. They are earning as little as 30 euros per day and have almost no access to any form of government support. One person said, “When there’s work, Spain needs migrants, but no one is interested in our living conditions.” According to civil society, 2,300–2,500 people live in similar conditions during the strawberry season. In 2018–2019 the strawberry crop in Huelva was worth 533 million euros. 112 The largest producer is Driscoll’s and its associated companies, which have a set of labour standards that they state “apply to all workers in our supply chain, with no distinction.” Given that the conditions in Huelva are simply inhuman and the dominance of this multinational corporation in the local and global strawberry industry, the Special Rapporteur plans to play a part in monitoring and improving the unconscionable labour conditions prevailing in this area. 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 16 Ministerio de Trabajo, Migraciones y Seguridad Social, “Extranjeros residentes en España a 30 de junio de 2019: principales resultados” September 2019, p. 1. National Institute of Statistics, “Risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE indicator), by nationality (persons aged 16 years old and over)”. Eurostat, “Children at risk of poverty or social exclusion” (January 2019), p. 6, available from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/pdfscache/50126.pdf. Submission from Comisión Española de Ayuda al Refugiado, p. 3, available from www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Poverty/VisitSpainSubmissions/15_CEAR.pdf. Submission from Women’s Link Worldwide, pp. 2–3 and 5, available from www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Poverty/VisitSpainSubmissions/20_Women_Worldwide.pdf. Submission from Fundación Raíces, pp. 1–2, available from www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/ Poverty/VisitSpainSubmissions/16_Fundacion_Raices.pdf. Fresh Plaza, “Spain: Strawberry campaign in Huelva closes with positive figures”.