A/HRC/42/59/Add.1 of people of African descent living in Belgium. This should include the mandatory teaching of the colonial history of Belgium at all levels of the education system; 17 (x) Investigate and redress any disparity in the diversion of children of African descent from general secondary education into vocational or technical education streams, as compared with white Belgian children, via the education ministries and authorities in the regions and communities; (y) Require anti-racism training for all teachers, including training on implicit bias and specific manifestations of racism in the context of their work. The training should involve testing to evaluate the understanding of diversity among teachers; (z) Require all public officials with education responsibilities to develop clear, objective and transparent processes and criteria that govern when a child should be diverted from general secondary education, noting the need to guard against implicit bias and race-based outcomes in decision-making, and the right of parents to resist or overrule the recommendations of teachers without harassment. To the degree that procedures and criteria already exist, the Government should require all public officials with education responsibilities to respect transparent processes and criteria around student orientation, including with regard to the diversion of children from general education, the need to guard against implicit bias and race-based outcomes in decision-making, and the importance of informing parents of their right to a free choice of school and educational programme for their children, of the legal procedures for appeal and of their right to resist or overrule the recommendations of teachers without harassment; (aa) Take all necessary measures to combat racial discrimination and ensure full implementation of the right to an adequate standard of living, including the right to adequate housing and access to affordable health care, employment and education for people of African descent; (bb) Invest in integrated trust-building measures between the police, judicial institutions, Unia, social integration bodies, anti-racist associations and victims of racial discrimination and race- and gender-based violence to ensure that racist acts, violence and crimes are systematically reported, prosecuted and compensated for; (cc) Conduct a racial equity audit within its public institutions and incentivize private employers and institutions to do the same in order to ensure that the principles of equality and non-discrimination, which are grounded in the Constitution and are cornerstones of Belgian society, apply irrespective of race or ethnicity. The purpose of the audit shall be to look for specific manifestations of racism and qualitative contributors to systemic bias and discrimination within regular and routine operations. Belgium should commit to publishing the findings of the audit and to implementing the recommendations developed in the audit process; (dd) Examine existing statistics and proxy data to determine whether people of African descent in Belgium, including Belgian citizens of African descent, experience and exercise their human rights consistently with the averages for all Belgians. This should cover data on citizenship, parents’ place of birth and family reunification; (ee) Adopt clear, objective and transparent protocols for job centres to ensure that they do not perpetuate stereotype and bias, including requiring referrals to be based on levels of education or experience and recognizing that language should not be a disqualifying factor once a measurable competence is determined; (ff) Support and facilitate an open debate on the use of blackface, racialized caricatures and racist representations of people of African descent. The republished 17 18 The Government noted that, in the Flemish Community, teaching of the colonial history of Belgium will be mandatory at all levels of the education system from 2019 onwards, given the new attainment targets for secondary education.