A/HRC/32/22 100. The Office had the power to receive individual complaints. In the event of a complaint of corruption, the Office would inform the competent public institution, such as the Office of the Prosecutor General, and request it to take the necessary action. The Ombudsman had made several requests to the Judicial-Legal Council in cases of abuse of power by judges. 101. The Office submitted observations to the parliament on the draft Code of Conduct of Civil Servants and the Law on Preventing Conflict of Interests of State Officials on their compatibility with human rights. 102. The Office appointed a special adviser on corruption in order to strengthen its cooperation with anti-corruption agencies. During visits to places of detention, the Office informed detainees about the anti-corruption legal framework and the competence of the Ombudsman. 103. A representative of the Office participated as a member of the Commission on AntiCorruption in the elaboration of anti-corruption strategies and programmes. The Office also cooperated with the Council of Europe Group of States against Corruption and the national chapter of Transparency International. Office of the Ombudsman of Peru 104. The Office of the Ombudsman of Peru analysed sectors at particular risk of corruption and published several reports in that regard. The report on education showed that corruption affected the core content of the right to education and its essential features (availability, accessibility, acceptability and adaptability). The report identified three conditions that enabled acts of corruption, namely inefficient mechanisms of control and sanction; weak mechanisms of transparency and limited access to information; and weak citizen control. The areas most frequently affected by corruption and the main risk factors included impunity, illicit charges and fees, selling of grades in academic institutions, nepotism, irregularities in administrative procedures, irregularities in the appointment and movement of personnel, lack of transparency and irregularities in the management of educational material. 105. The report on social programmes evaluated in particular a programme under which direct financial support was provided to the poor. Acts of corruption occurred during the different phases of the programme. Contributing factors included lack of effective control mechanisms. 106. Another report contained a chapter on corruption in the penitentiary system. The report concluded that corruption constituted a factor that affected not only the institution but also citizens’ security and the principle of authority. 107. Finally, the Office published a report analysing charges of graft and collusion. The study identified a range of challenges in investigating corruption, including the need for prosecutors with specialized capacity and adequate budgets. Office of the Parliamentary Ombudsman of Finland 108. The Office of the Parliamentary Ombudsman of Finland reported that it had the power to investigate complaints lodged by individual persons, associations, enterprises or litigating lawyers or to instigate proceedings on its own motion. The Office had wideranging powers to obtain information, to order that the police carry out a preliminary investigation and to order criminal charges to be brought against public officials. 109. The Office received only a very small number of individual complaints of suspected or alleged corruption. It included in its submission four cases, all related to the acceptance of gifts and hospitality by public officials. 14