A/HRC/29/35 for a new partnership that focused for the most part on a shared responsibility between developed and developing countries, based on the recognition that each country had “primary responsibility for its own economic and social development”, stressing the role of national policies and development strategies and putting forward a renewed commitment by the international community to support its efforts.29 The Monterrey Consensus did not constitute an end point but marked the beginning of an important process stemming from the resolve of States and other stakeholders to build an alliance for development and “act together”. It was during the conference that it was decided that donor countries should commit to allocating 0.7 per cent of their gross national income to official development assistance.30 35. The period beginning in 2000 has been defined by the aid effectiveness agenda. What started as a small gathering of major Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) donors in the early 2000s grew to an unprecedented gathering of developed and developing countries, and international and regional civil society. The global landscape changed during this period, economically, politically and socially. The lines between developed and developing countries have blurred, and new forms of cooperation have emerged. In the years that followed the adoption of the Monterrey Consensus in 2002, four high-level forums on aid effectiveness were convened by OECD: in Rome in 2003, Paris in 2005, Accra in 2008 and, most recently, in Busan, Republic of Korea, in 2011. Busan was the venue for the Fourth High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness, at which over three thousand delegates met to review progress on implementing the principles of the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness and discuss how to maintain the relevance of the aid effectiveness agenda in the context of the evolving development landscape. The forum culminated in the signing of the Busan Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation by ministers from developed and developing countries, emerging economies and providers of South-South and triangular cooperation. For the first time in the history of the High Level Forum, a civil society representative took part in the actual negotiating process, marking a critical turning point in development cooperation and international solidarity, particularly where the language of the partnership emphasized the link between fighting poverty and protecting human rights. 31 36. A new chapter in the history of international cooperation was initiated in Busan, where the focus shifted from aid effectiveness to the broader concept of development effectiveness. Through the inclusion of a diverse range of development stakeholders – donor governments from the North and the South, the private sector, civil society organizations, parliamentarians and local authorities, inter alia – the Busan Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation provided a more realistic framework for improving the way cooperation is implemented on the ground and how it works with other drivers of development. For civil society organizations, Busan was a particularly significant milestone, as it marked the first time that civil society had participated as a full and equal stakeholder in aid effectiveness negotiations alongside governments and donors. It was thus a unique opportunity to influence development cooperation for people’s organizations, and also strengthened the shift from a technical aid effectiveness approach to development effectiveness based on long-term sustainability, addressing the root causes of poverty and the realization of human rights.32 29 30 31 32 14 See Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18– 22 March 2002 (A/CONF.198/11), chap. I, resolution 1, annex. Ibid. See www.oecd.org/dac/effectiveness/busanpartnership.htm. See http://cso-effectiveness.org/4th-high-level-forum-on-aid,080.