A/HRC/33/40 X. Preventive and corrective action 85. While endorsing the analyses of economists, sociologists and jurists, including Jeronim Capaldo, 64 Noam Chomsky, 65 Michael Hudson, 66 Deborah James, 67 George Kahale,68 Richard Kozul-Wright,69 Isabel Ortiz,70 Max Otte,71 Lauge Poulsen,72 Jeffrey Sachs, 73 Joseph Stiglitz, 74 Gus van Harten 75 and Robert Wade, 76 and relying on the studies of other rapporteurs and working groups, the Independent Expert deems it urgent to demand that the Human Rights Council take action so that their good proposals are not rendered irrelevant by the corporate “so what?” Transnational corporations have become a kind of Leviathan that must be tamed. Indeed, every exercise of power, political or economic, that affects people’s lives must be subject to democratic controls and compatible with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations. It is that spirit that has prompted the following recommendations. To States 86. States should impose a moratorium on the execution of investor-State dispute settlement awards until the entire system is tested by the International Court of Justice. A new multilateral treaty should be elaborated stipulating that courts may not execute such awards without verifying their compatibility with human rights treaty obligations and ordre public. 87. States should refrain from entering into new bilateral investment treaties and free trade agreements, including the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, the 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 20 https://stopttipitalia.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/capaldottip_rejoinder.pdf. Noam Chomsky, Who Rules the World? (London, Penguin, 2016); www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2lsEVlqts0. www.counterpunch.org/2016/05/11/the-dangers-of-free-trade-agreements-ttips-threat-to-europeselderly; Michael Hudson, Killing the Host (Petrolia, Counterpunch Books, 2015). www.globalexchange.org/events/speaker/deborah-james. Douglas Thomson, “Kahale calls for overhaul of BIT system”, Global Arbitration Review, Vol. 9, No. 3 (11 April 2014); www.chambersandpartners.com/global/person/50001/george-kahale-iii. www.euractiv.com/section/trade-society/news/un-blasts-eu-for-backing-global-deal-for-isds-but-notfor-country-bailouts/. www.ilo.org/newyork/events-and-meetings/WCMS_237980/lang--en/index.htm; www.ilo.org/global/docs/WCMS_214366/lang--en/index.htm. www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_FBjYZBWH0. Max Otte calls investor-State dispute settlement “a complete disempowerment of politics”. www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/260380/bis-13-1284-costsand-benefits-of-an-eu-usa-investment-protection-treaty.pdf; www.rowmaninternational.com/books/rule-makers-or-rule-takers. www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2015/mar/24/could-the-ttip-tradedeal-undo-development-gains; www.huffingtonpost.com/roger-hickey/economist-jeffrey-sachs-s_b_5823918.html. Joseph Stiglitz, Rewriting the Rules of the American Economy (New York, W.W. Norton, 2015); The Great Divide: Unequal Societies and what we can do about them (New York, W.W. Norton, 2015). http://thetyee.ca/Opinion/2016/01/18/TPP-Foreign-Investors/; http://thetyee.ca/Opinion/2013/11/12/Harper-Gives-Up-Sovereignty/. Robert Wade “Growth, inequality, and poverty: arguments, evidence, and economists”, in Global political economy, John Ravenhill, ed. (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2014); “Current thinking about global trade policy”, Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 49, No. 6. (8 Feb. 2014); “‘Market versus State’ or ‘market with State’: how to impart directional thrust”, Development and Change, vol. 45, No. 4 (July 2014). GE.16-11938