A/HRC/27/58 violations. A code of conduct encompassing all federations under FIFA could be developed, enabling a culture of human rights to flourish within the members of the Confederation, which would strengthen respect for human rights in sport in general. 85. A lot of focus has been placed on competitive sports. However, we should also not disregard the importance of promoting non-competitive sports, or sports which do not produce opponents, sports with a collective and supportive nature, sports that do not have a winner and a loser.105 86. Noteworthy also are some concerns over the use of outdated coaching methods which are hierarchical and confrontational. This is by no means universal but still presents an issue. Meanwhile, structures like Winning Scotland are bringing a new and inclusive approach to coaching techniques. 87. The behaviour of parents and caretakers on the touchline, lack of equal access to sports facilities and training times are also disturbing. This often excludes young people from playing and participating.106 88. Major sports events, such as the Olympic Games, can put children at a greater risk of becoming victims of sexual exploitation, with the arrival of thousands of additional tourists in a festive environment, thus increasing the number of potential abusers. Countries that have recently hosted major sports events, such as Brazil, Poland and South Africa, have deployed efforts to minimize the risks faced by children of falling victim to sexual exploitation. It is important to take stock of these recent efforts, good practices and lessons learned, in order to minimize risks for vulnerable children. Through comprehensive and sustainable child protection strategies, ethical and responsible sports events can be developed.107 III. Recommendations A. 1. Strengthen existing legislation on the promotion and development of sport; 2. Adopt specific legislation regarding the prohibition of sexual exploitation, sexual harassment and abuse in sport, and the use of doping; 3. Guarantee constant safeguards against discrimination; racism; extreme nationalist sentiment; violence in sport; unlawful influence on decision-making during competitions and other sports events; and the discrediting of, or undermining confidence in, the apolitical and autonomous nature of sport and sports federations; 4. Provide access to sport at the national level, regardless of gender, race, religion, social status, etc.; 5. Encourage States to continue and to increase efforts at all levels to combat the sexual exploitation of children at major sports events, sexual harassment and abuse in sport, and the use of doping. 105 106 107 20 National legislation and executive practice Response of Frederico P.P.M. Salmi. Response of Children 1st. Response of Najat Maalla M’jid, Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography.