A/HRC/45/CRP.11 conspiracy and omission of acts to prevent public disorder.639 Several of these related to decisions by the Supreme Court’s Constitutional Chamber requiring municipal mayors to prohibit protests that block roads and to “use the necessary material and human resources” to prevent such blockages.640 Several opposition mayors who did not prevent the road blockades were later declared in contempt of this decision and arrested. 641 252. Other opposition mayors had arrest orders issued against them, but left the country prior to their arrest, including David Smolanksy (mayor of El Hatillo, Caracas) and Ramón Muchacho (mayor of El Chacao, Caracas). The families of opposition mayors have also faced threats, as was the case with Juan Pedro Lares, the son of Omar Lares, mayor of Campo Elias Municipality, Mérida state, who was arbitrarily arrested on 30 July 2017 by SEBIN officers. 253. In December 2015, after the opposition won a majority of seats in the National Assembly, opposition parliamentarians (and people affiliated with them) became a focus of repression. Targeting opposition parliamentarians continued at the time of writing. Since 2014, the Supreme Court has requested that the immunity of 32 National Assembly parliamentarians be lifted, allowing them to be criminally prosecuted. 254. Parliamentarians who had their immunity lifted included the following: Rosmit Mantilla, Gilberto Sojo, Renzo Prieto642 in July 2016; Gilber Caro643 in May 2017; Germán Ferrer644 in August 2017; Freddy Guevara645 in November 2017; Juan Requesens,646 Julio Borges647 in August 2018; Juan Guaidó648 in April 2019; Edgar Zambrano,649 Henry Ramos 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 68 This includes Daniel Ceballos, Mayor of San Cristóbal del Táchira, Táchira state (between 18 March 2014 and 6 June 2018); Vicencio “Enzo” Scarano, Mayor San Diego Municipality, Carabobo state (between 20 March 2014 and 6 June 2018); Antonio Ledezma, Mayor of Liberator municipality and founder of the Alianza Bravo Pueblo party (19 February 2015 to 19 August 2016); Pedro Loreto, Mayor of Leonardo Infante Municipality, Guaricó (detained on 31 August 2016 for 72 hours); Delson Guárate, Mayor of Mario Briceño Iragorry municipality, Aragua state (26 September 2016 to 3 November 2017); Alfredo Ramos, Mayor of Iribarren municipality, Lara state (28 July 2017 to 22 December 2017). Judgment No. 135 of 12 March 2014 (with respect to Mayors David Smolansky and Gerardo Blyde), available at: http://historico.tsj.gob.ve/decisiones/scon/marzo/161913-135-12314-2014-140194.HTML; Judgment No. 136 of 12 March 2014 (with respect to Mayors Vicencio Scarano Spisso and Salvatore Lucchese Scaletta), available at: https://vlexvenezuela.com/vid/salas-agentes-aduaneroasociados-593338054?_ga=2.184534498.550495912.1594144441-1054173431.1593915400 See Judgment No. 138 of 17 March 2014, available at: https://vlexvenezuela.com/vid/osmer-castillorepresentante-legal-593337878; See also Venezolana de Televisión, (Video) TSJ: Alcalde de San Diego y su director de Policía a 10 meses de prisión por permitir violencia, 19 March 2014, available at: https://www.aporrea.org/actualidad/n247407.html. See also Judgement No. 245 of 7 April 2014, available at: http://historico.tsj.gob.ve/decisiones/scon/abril/162860-245-9414-2014-14-0205.HTML; Judgment No. 236 of 10 April 2014, available at: https://www.civilisac.org/civilis/wpcontent/uploads/Sentencia-263.pdf. Supreme Court of Justice, Judgment, Constitutional Chamber, No. 612 of 15 July 2016 (holding that parliamentary immunity does not apply to alternates). Supreme Court of Justice, Plenary Judgment, No. 34 of 11 May 2017, available at: historico.tsj.gob.ve/decisiones/tplen/mayo/198873-34-11517-2017-2017-00004.HTML Supreme Court of Justice, Plenary Judgment, No. 66 of 16 August 2017, available at: http://historico.tsj.gob.ve/decisiones/tplen/agosto/203196-66-16817-2017-2017-000097.HTML (alleged crimes in flagrante delicto, request to NCA to lift immunity) Supreme Court of Justice, Plenary Judgment No. 69 of 3 November 2017, available at: http://historico.tsj.gob.ve/decisiones/tplen/noviembre/204801-69-31117-2017-2017-000112.HTML (alleged crimes in flagrancy, request to NCA to lift immunity). Supreme Court of Justice, Plenary Judgment No. 48 of 8 August 2018, available at: http://historico.tsj.gob.ve/decisiones/tplen/agosto/300716-48-8818-2018-2018-0071.HTML (alleged crimes in flagrancy and ordering that he be detained until the NCA lifts his immunity). Supreme Court of Justice, Plenary Judgment No. 49 of 8 August 2018, available at: https://www.accesoalajusticia.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/SP-49-08-08-2018.pdf (alleged crimes in flagrancy and ordered that he be prosecuted in criminal courts). Judgement was never made public, dated 1 April 2019 (accused of contempt of court for leaving the country, request to the NCA to lift parliamentary immunity). Supreme Court of Justice, Plenary Judgment No. 17 of 2 May 2019, available at: http://historico.tsj.gob.ve/decisiones/tplen/mayo/304697-17-2519-2019-2019-000026.HTML