A/HRC/42/44/Add.1 (l) Establish a national human rights institution in line with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights by ensuring that it is functionally and financially independent of the Government and vested with the authority to investigate all human rights abuses and violations, including those against all migrants. Living conditions of migrant workers 112. The Special Rapporteur recommends that the Government: (a) Ensure access to basic services for women, men and children living on Italian territory, regardless of their migration status, in accordance with international human rights standards. In particular, physical and mental health care need to be accessible and adequate, regardless of migration status, including for seasonal workers; (b) Increase public spending for the integration of migrants at the national, regional and municipal level as a means of preventing labour exploitation, for example by providing language courses and vocational training, regardless of migration status; (c) Carry out public awareness campaigns that promote zero tolerance of the exploitation of workers and counter racism and xenophobia, including in rural areas; (d) End the physical and social marginalization of migrant workers and ensure they have access to decent and safe housing, regardless of their migration status and of the seasonality of agricultural work. Consider, for example, giving migrant workers access to empty apartments in southern Italy through affordable housing schemes; (e) Ensure that any transition from informal settlements to longer-term housing options takes place in a coordinated way and by providing viable housing options to all affected migrants; (f) Improve access to local health-care services for all migrant workers, including those with national health cards issued by other regions, and by establishing health-care posts in their proximity; (g) Effectively penalize landlords inappropriate and unsanitary conditions. who house migrant workers in Linkages between labour exploitation and migration 113. The Special Rapporteur recommends that the Government: (a) Effectively respect, protect and fulfil the rights of all migrant workers to just and favourable conditions of work, as stipulated in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which Italy ratified in 1978; (b) Delink residence permits and labour contracts in order to avoid the dependency of workers on their employers; (c) In the light of the discrepancy between the entry quotas established and the actual market demand in agriculture, expand channels for regular migration; (d) Continue to grant humanitarian visa or residence permits to migrants with particular vulnerabilities who are not recognized as refugees. Access to justice 114. The Special Rapporteur recommends that the Government: (a) Create stronger incentives for reporting labour exploitation by ensuring that victims are not prosecuted and that they receive adequate protection, assistance and a residence permit for social protection, regardless of their cooperation with the investigating authorities; 18