A/HRC/44/40/Add.3 policies pertaining to the rights to education for undocumented non-citizen or refugee children should be in coherent with other legislations and policies by other ministries and agencies in Malaysia. • Currently, MOE is reviewing the policy to make secondary education compulsory. Housing Paragraph 45 Adequate housing is unaffordable for many and housing costs have risen 87 percent between 2010 to 2018, outpacing the 59 percent rise in wages. According to the World Bank, households with monthly incomes less than RM5,000 (US$1,229) experience “severe housing unaffordability,” with more than half of those in Kuala Lumpur earning RM3-5,000 having “no access to housing within their capacity-to-pay.” Yet as of 2018, just 20.9 percent of the housing stock was low cost, and it accounted for only 7.4 percent of new housing in 2017. Comments from the Government of Malaysia: • As reported in the Household Income and Basic Amenities Survey 2016, published by Department of Statistics Malaysia, Kelantan recorded 89.0 percent household living in physically stable housing in term of its condition. Only 11.0 percent household living in the housing which its condition is deteriorating or dilapidated. Rural area recorded the higher percentage of 13.7 percent as compare to the urban, 8.3 percent only. Deteriorating/dilapidated house referred to the house which is not well maintained by the owner. There are defects which need to be repaired such as some floor are rotten, hollow walls due to weather or time factor. • According to the report by Central Bank of Malaysia (2017), Malaysia does not have a complete database containing information on supply and demand for housing. Difficulties in obtaining information such as income, characteristics and household choices have reinforced the ability to adjust the supply of housing to meet household demands effectively and contribute to the high number of residential overhang. • Comprehensive housing data is essential to identify the demand and supply of affordable housing in Malaysia. This comprehensive data will help the Government to avoid mismatch between supply and demand, as well as to identify the level of household capability by location, household economic situation and the lack of affordable housing in each location. • The Ministry is currently in the midst of developing Big Data Analytics which will not only be a data collection centre for real estate information encompassing demand and supply but also provide a platform for analysis by decision makers and policy makers, as well as stakeholders to assist in the formulation of policies and the overall planning of the national housing industry. This system will involve integration with the Federal Government agencies, State Governments and private developers. • The Government initiative to provide 1 million affordable housing within 10 years in line with the National Housing Policy which is to provide affordable and quality housing. Among the Government's plans to increase affordable housing especially for the B40 and M40 group is through the provision of 1 Million Affordable Homes (RMM) over 10 years nationwide. Among the agencies involved are the Federal Government, State Governments and private developers. VI. Civil and Political Rights of People in Poverty Paragraph 47 Poor people in Malaysia suffer disproportionate violations of their civil and political rights. Access to legal aid is limited both by the scope of cases covered and by resource constraints. The Rapporteur spoke with prisoners who said they had never met with a lawyer or only met a lawyer once for a few minutes on the day of a legal proceeding. Vulnerable non-citizens, 23

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