A/HRC/13/42* page 74 ill-treatment in Egyptian detention include being hung upside down and having had electric shocks applied to his testicles.284 • The eighth man, Ahmad Abou El-Maati, a Canadian-Egyptian national, was seized at Damascus airport on his arrival from Toronto on 11 November 2001. He was held in the Far Falestin prison in the Syrian Arab Republic until 25 January 2002, when he was transferred to Egyptian custody, where he remained in various detention sites (including in secret detention until August 2002) until his release on 7 March 2004. During the initial period of his detention in Egypt, he was subjected to heavy beatings and threats of rape against his sister. At a later stage during the secret detention phase, he was handcuffed with his hands behind his back practically continuously for 45 days in a solitary confinement cell, which he described as being very painful and which made it hard to use the toilet and wash. He was also subjected to sleep deprivation.285 3. Syrian Arab Republic 147. At least nine detainees were rendered by the CIA to the Syrian Arab Republic between December 2001 and October 2002, and held in Far Falestin, run by Syrian Military Intelligence. All those able to speak about their experiences explained that they were tortured. As in the case of Egypt (see para. 146 above), other men were seized at the request of the Canadian authorities: • Muhammad Haydar Zammar, a German national, was seized in Morocco on 8 December 2001, and rendered by the CIA to Far Falestin on 22 December 2001. In October 2004, he was moved to an “unknown location”; in February 2007, he received a 12-year sentence from the Higher State Security Court. He was convicted of being a member of the banned Muslim Brotherhood, a crime punishable by death in the Syrian Arab Republic.286 In its reply for the present study, the Government of Morocco indicated that the police had arrested Mr. Zammar following information that he had been implicated in the events of 11 September 2001. The Government also stated that Mr. Zammar had not been subjected to secret or arbitrary detention in Morocco, and that 284 Amnesty International, “Italy: briefing to the UN Committee against torture”, April 2007, p. 4. Available from www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR30/003/2007/en/dbf2cdec-d3a511dd-a329-2f46302a8cc6/eur300032007en.pdf. 285 Internal inquiry into the actions of Canadian officials in relation to Abdullah Almalki, Ahmad Abou-Elmaati and Muayyed Nureddin, pursuant to an Order in Council dated 11 December 2006. Available from www.iacobucciinquiry.ca/pdfs/documents/final-report-copyen.pdf , paras. 42-82. See also Commission of inquiry into the actions of Canadian officials in relation to Maher Arar, report of the fact finder of 14 October 2005. 286 Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, opinion No. 8/2007 (Syrian Arab Republic), (A/HRC/7/4/Add.1); see also “Unfair trial and sentencing of Muhammad Haydar Zammar”, Amnesty International appeal case, 22 March 2007, available from www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?lang=e&id=ENGMDE240162007; and the report of the Germany submitted to the Committee against Torture (CAT/C/49/Add.4).