A/HRC/45/22 and industrial development often has a disproportionate impact on indigenous peoples and their rights to lands, territories and natural resources.12 48. In the context of the third review cycle of the universal periodic review, several States were urged to enable the inclusion and participation of indigenous peoples in devising holistic strategies towards managing climate change and its impacts on livelihoods and land rights issues and to ensure that indigenous peoples were involved in the development of legislation, policies and programmes on climate change and risk reduction (see A/HRC/41/6, A/HRC/41/8, A/HRC/43/11 and A/HRC/43/13). D. Human rights defenders and reprisals 49. During the reporting period, threats against and attacks on indigenous people and the criminalization of their activities, in particular those carried out in defence of their lands and resources, continued to escalate in many countries, including in the context of large-scale projects relating to the extractive industries and agribusiness, infrastructure projects and hydroelectric dams.13 50. The OHCHR office in Colombia provided support for the implementation of protective measures in regions with high levels of violence against traditional authorities and indigenous guards, namely, Arauca, Meta and Norte de Santander. In May 2019, representatives of the country office participated in a public hearing convened by the InterAmerican Commission on Human Rights on the precautionary measures taken with regard to the rights of indigenous peoples in Colombia. 51. On 21 May 2019, the national human rights institution and the OHCHR office in Guatemala issued a joint report on the situation of human rights defenders in the country.14 In the report, covering the period from 1 January 2017 to 30 April 2019, they identify patterns of criminalization, including the participation of private companies from the mining, hydroelectric and agro-industries in attacks against indigenous human rights defenders, and the lack of an independent and impartial judicial system. They also documented attacks against indigenous women human rights defenders in their communities for challenging traditional gender roles in society. 52. The OHCHR office in Honduras supported indigenous human rights defenders before the national mechanism for the protection of human rights defenders and the Ministry of Human Rights. In 2019, the country office registered and monitored 12 cases filed against human rights defenders from the Tolupan tribe of San Francisco de Locomapa for opposing commercial logging exploitation projects in their territories that were initiated without their free, prior and informed consent. 53. The OHCHR office in Mexico contributed to the protection of indigenous human rights defenders through continued dialogue with the authorities and a media strategy and by supporting communities and defenders at risk and advocating that the federal authorities respect their human rights obligations. The country office contributed to the release from prison, in February 2019, of a renowned indigenous human rights defender and member of an organization of the Me’phaa indigenous peoples, Obtilia Eugenio Manuel. 54. In December 2019, the OHCHR Regional Office for South America, jointly with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, publicly condemned the murders of indigenous leaders Firmino Praxede Guajajara, from the Cana Brava Indigenous Land, and Raimundo Belnício Guajajara, from the Lagoa Comprida Indigenous Land, perpetrated on 7 December 2019 in Maranhão State, Brazil. The Guajajara leaders were shot to death when they were returning from a meeting with the National Indian Foundation and the Eletrobras 12 13 14 Further information is available at https://sched.co/LLkd. See www.ohchr.org/FR/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24513&LangID=E and www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25416&LangID=E. See www.oacnudh.org.gt/images/CONTENIDOS/ARTICULOS/PUBLICACIONES/ Informe_personas_defensoras.pdf (in Spanish). 9