A/HRC/26/37 specialist trafficking instruments. A major output of this method of work is a set of draft basic principles on the right to an effective remedy (A/HRC/17/35, annex I), developed after extensive consultation with stakeholders in all regions, which seek to bring clarity to the concept of the right to an effective remedy and set out the factors to be taken into account when this right is applied to trafficked persons. The Special Rapporteur has also created a draft checklist of indicators and benchmarks which businesses can use to assess the risks of human trafficking in their supply chains (2012). The checklist was developed and revised through consultations and is intended to build on and complement existing initiatives, including the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. 32. Action on communications and urgent appeals. The Special Rapporteur is explicitly mandated to respond effectively to reliable allegations of human rights violations, with a view to protecting the rights of actual or potential victims of trafficking. In accordance with established procedures, the Special Rapporteur communicates the case to the Government concerned, requesting clarification and action, either through an allegation letter or through an urgent appeal where the alleged violation is time-sensitive and/or of a very grave nature. Since the mandate was established a total of 99 communications have been sent and a total of 54 responses received. V. Overarching principles and themes 33. In their performance of the mandate, the two mandate holders have affirmed a number of overarching principles and themes as central to all aspects of their work. Those principles and themes draw both inspiration and substance from international legal frameworks around trafficking and seek to reinforce the consensus that has developed around the scope of the problem and the direction of appropriate responses. A. Strategic direction: five “Ps”, three “Rs” and three “Cs” 34. Overall strategic direction. At the commencement of the mandate the “three Ps”, protection, prosecution and prevention, were already well established as guideposts for the strategic organization of responses to trafficking at the national, regional and international levels. They provided important guidance and structure to the mandate during its first several years. In 2009, the Special Rapporteur proposed an expansion of this strategic vision to include eight more pillars: (a) An additional two “Ps” focused on criminal justice: punishment of perpetrators/non-punishment for trafficked persons and promotion of international cooperation; (b) Three victim-centred “Rs” - redress, rehabilitation and reintegration; (c) Three “Cs” - capacity, coordination and cooperation.3 Together, these 11 pillars have supported the Special Rapporteur in shaping and promoting a coherent and comprehensive vision of an effective and rights-based response to trafficking. 3 See A/HRC/10/16, section V, and the statement made by the Special Rapporteur to the Third Committee on 25 October 2010 during the sixty-fifth session of the General Assembly. 9