(b) bringing the definitions of direct and indirect discrimination in line with the State party’s obligations under the Covenant; (c) prohibiting discrimination in both public and private spheres; (d) providing for a reversal of the burden of proof in civil proceedings; (e) adding provisions for access to redress in cases of discrimination, including through judicial and administrative procedures, and providing for effective and appropriate remedies for victims of discrimination. Discrimination against Roma The CESCR (2014) requests the State party to step up its efforts in combating discrimination against Roma with a view to giving full effect to their Covenant rights in practice and, to this end: (a) collect statistical data, on the basis of voluntary self-identification, on the number of Roma living in the country and on their situation in the areas of employment, social security, housing, healthcare and education with a view to formulating, implementing and monitoring targeted and coordinated programmes and policies at national and regional levels aimed at improving their socioeconomic situation; (b) simplify the procedure and remove existing obstacles to ensure that all Roma are provided with personal documents, including birth certificates, which are necessary for the enjoyment of their rights under the Covenant; (c) ensure that the Action Plan for Roma provides for concrete measures aimed at addressing the problems faced by Roma in accessing employment, social security, housing, healthcare and education; (d) establish quantitative and qualitative indicators to monitor the implementation of the Action Plan nationwide and provide adequate financial resources for its effective implementation. Discrimination against Crimean Tatars  The State party should take measures to further improve the situation of Crimean Tatars and ensure their de facto access to employment, housing, health care, social services and education. Gender pay gap The CESCR recommends that the State party, taking into account the Committee’s general comment No. 16 (2005) on the equal right of men and women to the enjoyment of all economic, social and cultural rights: (a) take steps to eliminate the persistent gender pay gap by combating vertical and horizontal segregation in employment that results in women occupying lower paid jobs and facing obstacles in the enjoyment of career opportunities on an equal footing with men; (b) take measures to change society’s perception of gender roles, including through awareness-raising campaigns on shared family responsibilities for men and women and about equal career opportunities as a result of education and training in fields other than those traditionally dominated by either sex. Special Procedures  The Special Rapporteur on freedom of expression (2008) urged Ukraine to take action to thwart the wave of racist violence. UPR Recommendations (2012)   Adopt a comprehensive anti-discrimination legislation that would include also a definition of direct and indirect discrimination and a comprehensive list of grounds for discrimination. Enact legislation which clearly prohibits child prostitution and other forms of sexual exploitation, consistently with the international obligations undertaken by the country, bearing 181 | P a g e