A/HRC/33/45 34. Ambassador Kamau spoke of how the Sustainable Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development had changed the debate on development and how geographical divides had been put to rest. The Agenda had structurally changed the underpinnings of the way the international community looked at development. It was, however, difficult to change people’s ideological positions. The universal goals conveyed the message that development affected all nations, and poverty affected all countries, which now faced the challenge of bringing development to all their peoples. Twentieth-century perceptions of development were old and tired. The Sustainable Development Goals emphasized that all lives mattered, and this was the most powerful message they sent. The Working Group should not let itself become stuck in a North-South divide in the conceptualization of the right to development. The 2030 Agenda was morally binding; he therefore asked whether a legal or a moral obligation was more important. All countries were in “the same boat” and faced similar challenges. The 2030 Agenda had resulted in a conceptual framework shift; the Working Group therefore had to ask if it was shifting with it. One challenge to the implementation of the right to development was what the meaning of development assistance as “legally binding” was. This would require defining the understanding of development cooperation. The moral obligation was the higher bar. Goal 17 and the Addis Ababa Action Agenda had codified expectations in a way that could be followed up. In these ways, the work of the Working Group had been structured, and many aspects of the right to development were already legally binding. There was a universal, integrated agenda and a political infrastructure in place that provided a much more favourable position for discussions on the right to development. 35. In the interactive dialogue that followed, the Islamic Republic of Iran, on behalf of the Non-Aligned Movement, referred to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as a document that reflected the aspirations of global development, and expressed the hope that the full implementation of the Agenda would move the world forward towards the realization of the Charter of the United Nations. The goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda were all about the right to development, and called for international cooperation and collaborative partnership. International cooperation was integral to the implementation and realization of the right to development, and could help all to overcome the challenges that hinder progress. The Islamic Republic of Iran called upon the specialized agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations to mainstream the right to development in their policies and operational activities, and also in policies and strategies of the international financial and multilateral trading system. The high-level political forum was the most appropriate venue for considering the mainstreaming of the right to development into the implementation of the 2030 Agenda. 36. The European Union spoke of the 2030 Agenda as a “guiding beacon” for the international community. It stressed the need to maintain momentum, and that the realization of human rights and sustainable development were closely related. The international community needed to promote a model of development that promoted and guaranteed not only the right to development but all human rights, with particular attention to justice, equality and equity, so that no one would be left behind. The European Union supported an inclusive and transparent follow-up mechanism of the 2030 Agenda that promoted ownership. The European Union asked the speakers how the international community could implement the 2030 Agenda effectively and without delay, and how they saw the role of indicators in implementation. 37. Pakistan, on behalf of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, stated that there were clearly a few key areas where the 2030 Agenda and the right to development interacted. The 2030 Agenda explicitly mentioned the right to development as an instrument that informed the Agenda itself; it called upon Member States to realize the right to development. Article 10 of the Vienna Declaration and the Programme of Action called upon the international community to implement effective international cooperation for the 11