A/HRC/32/41 43. International personnel are generally deployed to conflict or immediate post-conflict situations in which populations are vulnerable and basic institutions, including law enforcement, are fragile or non-existent (A/59/710). The presence of peacekeepers, through an increased demand for sexual services, further exacerbates women’s social and economic vulnerabilities in a fragile post-conflict society as well as an economy of exploitation, which can support trafficking networks in the longer term. For instance, the recent cases of sexual abuse and exploitation by peacekeepers in the Central African Republic 34 who prey on the economic vulnerability of children and women as well as on their need for assistance and protection could, in some cases, be linked to trafficking for purposes of sexual exploitation. F. International legal framework 44. The international legal framework around trafficking in conflict and post-conflict situations is a composite one that draws on multiple branches of law, including transnational criminal law, international humanitarian law, international criminal law, refugee law and human rights law. In some cases, common and overlapping rules operate to ensure that certain protections (e.g., against slavery and forced labour) are applicable in all situations, including international and non-international armed conflict. In other cases, particular rules and protections will apply depending on the nature of the situation under consideration. 45. Instead of providing a comprehensive analysis, in this part of the report the Special Rapporteur aims to provide an overview of the legal landscape by addressing the rules that govern the core violations and issues identified above. Sources of relevant law 46. Given the complexities surrounding trafficking in conflict and post-conflict situations, which can be considered from a number of different perspectives, the range of sources of relevant law is very wide. In the human rights area, for example, treaties dealing with slavery and the slave trade, forced labour, child labour, the rights of women, the rights of children, migrant workers and persons with disabilities, as well as more general treaties dealing with civil and political rights or economic, social and cultural rights, are applicable to trafficking in all situations, including situations of armed conflict. Major crime control treaties, such as the United Nations Convention on Transnational Organized Crime and the United Nations Convention against Corruption are also relevant to trafficking in all situations, as are the specialist treaties dealing with the issue of trafficking, most particularly the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and, at the European level, the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings and its Explanatory Report, and the European Union Directive on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims. 47. Within the specific context of armed conflict, additional legal instruments of obligation and protection apply. The most relevant of these for the current purposes is the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, which addresses, inter alia, war crimes 34 12 (New York, 2002); Keith Allred, “Combating human trafficking”, NATO Review (2006); and Rehn and Johnson Sirleaf, Women, War, Peace. See A/70/729 and www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID= 18548&LangID=E.