A/HRC/11/32 page 9 World Bank Special Representative to the United Nations and the World Trade Organization, further stated that monitoring and accountability cannot be achieved without an explicit reference to the principle of progressive realization, which is currently missing in the draft guiding principles. 21. The Governments of Argentina and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, and the National Consultative Commission on Human Rights (France) remarked that extreme poverty is a violation of basic rights and a leading factor in aggravating discrimination. The Government of Mexico, however, was of the view that extreme poverty is a violation of human dignity, while the Government of Finland stated that poverty as such is not a human rights violation but the causes and consequences of extreme poverty often constitute violations of various human rights. At the seminar, the independent expert on human rights and extreme poverty remarked that the issue of whether poverty constitutes in itself a violation of human rights is not an easy question and suggested that the draft guiding principles should stress instead how human rights are applicable to people living in extreme poverty. 22. The independent expert on human rights and extreme poverty suggested that non-discrimination should also be developed in paragraph 3, thereby grounding and rendering consistent the references provided elsewhere in the draft guiding principles, and situating non-discrimination as an overarching element. The Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions noted that this process constitutes a unique opportunity to unequivocally recognize poverty as a ground of discrimination, thereby enriching the international law acquis in this area. 23. The Government of Switzerland and Zdzislaw Kedzia suggested that the universal periodic review be mentioned in paragraph 5. 24. Joseph Ingram suggested incorporating the recommendation that country economic and sector analyses conducted by the Government and/or donor institutions (e.g., the international financial institutions) explicitly identify the poorest and the most marginalized, and that national development or poverty reduction strategies address the needs of the poorest as a priority. B. Section 1 Participation by the poor 25. Many respondents14 and seminar participants15 stressed generally that the subsection on participation by the poor should make more explicit references to the participation of specific groups, including indigenous and tribal peoples, minority groups, persons with disabilities, older persons, migrants, women and girls, etc. 14 The Special Rapporteur on indigenous people, the Government of Costa Rica and the 2008 NGO Consultation. 15 The Government of Ecuador and the statement read on behalf of the independent expert on minority issues.