A/HRC/19/63 reconstruction activities. This consequently leaves the most vulnerable people, especially children and their families, without adequate support. 71. Longer-term recovery may also be delayed or prevented as a result of limited capacities, political obstacles and an absence of commitments for financial support from the international community. Recovery efforts are also frequently inhibited by uncoordinated and ad hoc interventions undertaken by governmental and non-governmental organizations, international agencies and other stakeholders which may result in the duplication of efforts or failure to address issues that require attention. 54 72. The rebuilding phase, however, also presents an opportunity to establish comprehensive child protection systems and strategies that are comprised of a set of social norms, laws, policies and services to guarantee the protection of child victims and children at risk of sale and all forms of exploitation. 55 73. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has outlined a series of guidelines on post-disaster recovery that similarly seek to identify and build on opportunities to initiate a sound and sustainable recovery process that can transform while it repairs.56 (a) Ongoing monitoring, assessment and follow-up 74. The establishment and effective implementation of monitoring and accountability systems is integral to the promotion of child protection in emergency response activities. Although a number of States provide a means for monitoring the placement of children in alternative care arrangements through various Government ministries, very few States have developed a comprehensive system to review the progress and challenges faced by a community – and children in particular – after a natural disaster. 75. The Guidelines for the alternative care of children indicate that all alternative care placements must be regularly reviewed to determine if they continue to be necessary and appropriate.57 76. In some States, Government ministries are responsible for ongoing monitoring of children who were placed in short- or long-term alternative care as a result of being unaccompanied or separated. In Cyprus, depending on the context, this is most frequently undertaken by social service officers, however, coordination may take place with International Social Services, the Ministry of the Interior and the Migration Office. 77. The same Government ministries are often also responsible for ensuring that children receive the care and support needed for full recovery. In Moldova, the Ministry of Labour, Social Protection and Family has partnered with an association to promote a psychological response mechanism to help improve the psychological state of children after a crisis. 78. Little information is available regarding steps that have been taken by States or local authorities to conduct searches for missing children. 54 55 56 57 UNDP, “Post-Disaster Recovery Guidelines” (Version 1), New York, n.d., pp. 2-3; Save the Children, “Child Protection Fact Sheet” (see footnote 7), p. 4. For more information on the establishment of child protection systems, see A/HRC/15/56. UNDP, “Post-Disaster Guidelines” (see footnote 55). UNICEF’s response to the questionnaire. 15