A/HRC/10/65 page 8 31. With regard to the definition of poverty, attention was drawn to the fact that often the terms “poverty” and “extreme poverty” are used interchangeably and that this should be avoided by the Social Forum. Similarly, the need to make a clear distinction between material and non-material poverty was emphasized. Measuring poverty by the index of a dollar per day was found to be misleading as the diversity of poverty in different countries cannot be reduced to a universal figure. 32. Commenting on the globalization process, a number of representatives highlighted its negative aspects and effect on poverty, and concurred with the view that the efficiency gains of globalization should be accompanied by social justice. It was stated that, while Governments have the primary responsibility for the implementation of national policies for poverty eradication, the implementation of such policies is often intertwined with a multitude of factors operating at the international level. Domestic efforts to combat poverty must be complemented by a conducive and supportive international framework and cooperation. In this context, the role of international assistance and cooperation was highlighted as a crucial factor in poverty eradication, whereas regrets were expressed for the difficulties of the majority of developed countries in meeting the target of allocating 0.7 per cent of their GDP to ODA. 33. In the view of some speakers, the causes of extreme poverty include lack of good governance and corruption at the national level, while others referred to foreign occupation, unilateral coercive measures and sanctions, which directly affect the social, economic and political development of independent and sovereign States, and pose additional obstacles to the full enjoyment of all human rights by peoples and individuals under their jurisdiction. 34. Many interventions brought examples of best practices drawn from a variety of social programmes or social security schemes implemented at the national level, and shared information on the challenges and successes of national efforts to combat poverty. At the international level, specific measures to contribute to the global fight against poverty included, for instance, the draft guiding principles on extreme poverty and human rights, the campaign “Action against hunger and poverty” and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) fund to combat poverty. In this respect, it was stressed that the fight against poverty from a human rights perspective should remain a key priority of OHCHR. International trade policies and poverty 35. Addressing the topic of international trade policies and poverty, Jean-Pierre Lehmann, Professor of International Political Economy, IMD and Founding Director of the Evian Group, began his presentation by stating that trade per se would not reduce poverty and that organizations such as the United Nations, the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the World Bank had paid a disservice in suggesting that trade barriers and subsidies had contributed to poverty. While it is true that the reduction of subsidies in Europe and the United States of America will greatly benefit the poor in the developing world, he emphasized that the real problem of poverty is at the domestic level. In his opinion, adequate domestic conditions, such as good governance, human capital formation, entrepreneurship and macroeconomic stability are more important to poverty reduction than trade. South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore were mentioned as positive examples that have shown how to reduce poverty through human capital development and macroeconomic stability.