A/HRC/45/12/Add.4
and 2019, MAPA published the agrochemical products for priority evaluation, considering
the Brazilian agronomic relevance6.
37.
About the technical assessment of pesticides carried out by Ibama, there are two
stages: the Assessment of the Environmental Hazard Potential (PPA) and the Environmental
Risk Assessment (ARA).
38.
Normative Ordinance IBAMA 84/96 regulates the former, carried out since 1990,
which allows the knowledge of the intrinsic characteristics of each product, its behavior, and
environmental destiny.
39.
The evaluation and classification of a pesticide PPA are based on the inherent toxicity
of the product (toxicity to soil microorganisms, earthworms, algae, fish, microcrustaceans,
bees, birds, and mammals) and the behavior of its active ingredient in the environment, about
its persistence, bioaccumulation, and transport.
40.
he final PPA classification of the evaluated product is carried out according to ranking
methodology, resulting from the sum of the individual ratings attributed to each of the results
of the toxicity tests to non-target organisms, as well as the tests related to environmental
behavior, observing the weighting criteria (assigned weights), and results in the product being
classified into four possible environmental classes, according to article 3 of Ibama Ordinance
n° 4/96.
41.
The pesticides potentially most dangerous to the environment, in a global calculation,
are those that receive the classification I - Product Highly Dangerous to the Environment,
followed by Class II, III, and IV.
42. According to the single paragraph of article 3 of Ibama Normative Instruction 84/96,
pesticides, their components and the like that meet at least one of the following criteria will
be granted the classification of "Impeditive Hazard Product to Obtaining Registration":
a) there is no availability in the country of methods for deactivating it and its
components, as stipulated in item a, of paragraph 6, of article 3, of Law 7.802 and
item
I, of article 22, of Decree 98.816;
b) presents mutagenic, teratogenic or carcinogenic characteristics referred to in item
c, of §6 °, of article 3, of Law 7.802 and items III, IV and V, of article 22, of
Decree 98,816;
c) the PPA classification and/or environmental risk assessment indicate unacceptable
levels of hazard and/or risk, considering the proposed uses.
43.
The Environmental Risk Assessment, which occurs after the assessment of the PPA,
is also based on the inherent toxicity of the product and the behavior obtained in laboratory
tests but adds to the evaluation the potential exposure of non-target organisms factor, that is,
it becomes necessary to evaluate several other variables, including how the product will be
used in practice and its possible consequences. For ARA, the method and time of application,
doses, culture, climate, and several other factors are of great importance in the evaluation,
making it more comprehensive and realistic, and therefore more complex.
44.
It is also observed that there are different types of registration, which demand different
levels of complexity and specific requirements in the legislation, resulting in different
analysis times, and the conclusion of the analysis - approval or rejection - must be published
in the Federal Official Gazette, regardless of whether the typology reaches the final
consumer.
45.
Regarding the use of pesticides, on page 24 of the Report, there is the following
recommendation:
6
https://www.gov.br/agricultura/pt-br/assuntos/insumos-agropecuarios/insumosagricolas/agrotoxicos/informacoes-tecnicas.
7
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