A/HRC/42/62 Speaker of the Federal Parliament, who stated that all 15 chapters of the constitution had been reviewed and should be adopted by December 2019. 28. A 15-member ad hoc committee has been constituted by Parliament to review the electoral law. The Speaker noted that Somalia had decided to adopt a multiparty, closed-list proportional representation model for its 2020/2021 elections, instead of the 4.5 clan-based elections. The proportional representation model was agreed upon by the Federal Government and Federal Member States in Baidoa. While the 4.5 clan system enabled minority clans and women to be elected in 2016, it remains contentious. 29. The Speaker explained that the political parties bill and electoral law would ensure that political parties were not formed on the basis of clan affiliation and would provide criteria for the representation of women, young persons, persons with disabilities, internally displaced persons, members of minority clans, and other marginalized groups. He noted that Parliament had not established a mechanism within the constitution to guarantee the representation of women, minority clans and other disadvantaged groups. He also acknowledged the need to codify the 30 per cent quota for women. 30. The Minister for Constitutional Affairs stated that the experience of countries in a post-conflict situation and with diverse political interests proved that proportional representation was the ideal model for Somalia. 31. The Independent Expert urges the Federal Parliament to adopt an electoral law to clearly guarantee the quota for women, and the representation of minority clans, marginalized communities, persons with disabilities, internally displaced persons and young persons, thereby protecting the gains of the 2016/2017 elections. He stressed that Parliament should not delegate its legislative authority for determining the quota for women and representation of marginalized groups to the electoral commission. 2. Humanitarian situation 32. The Independent Expert acknowledges the good work done by the humanitarian community to sustain the livelihoods of the civilian population. Somalia experienced poor rains in October and November 2018 (deyr rainy season) and between April and June 2019 (gu rainy season). Because of the poor rains, Somalia is expected to harvest between 50 and 80 per cent less food than normal. Somalia usually grows 30 per cent of its food requirements. Humanitarian support in some areas consisted of providing a water supply for the civilian population and livestock, by drilling and rehabilitating boreholes, collecting rainwater, repairing generators and pumps and distributing cash payments to the population to buy water and food. Local farming communities were provided with seed and fertilizer. Cooperatives in Bay and Lower Shabelle were provided with nine tractors. Other services included vaccinating livestock and training veterinary support staff. Livelihood support benefited about 7,000 households in Jubbaland, 9,000 in Bay and Bakool, 7,000 in Galmudug and 7,000 in Sool. The humanitarian community shares information and collaborates in addressing challenges. 33. Other humanitarian services include the provision of health services, which reach many people across Somalia through 30 health clinics, four hospitals, two of which are in Mogadishu and the other two in Kismaayo and Baidoa, and nutrition stabilization centres for returning migrants and internally displaced persons. 34. The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs developed a response plan and launched an international appeal in April 2019, which has secured $230 million and is expecting to receive $500 million. 35. The National Policy on Refugee-Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons was adopted by the Federal Government in July 2019. The Federal Government and Federal Member States have adopted institutional mechanisms to address humanitarian and disaster management issues. Along with other national and international actors, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees have continued to provide protection and assistance to persons of concern, including refugees, asylum seekers, returnees and internally displaced persons, under the leadership of the Federal Government. 7