A/HRC/30/48 Contents Page I. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 3 A. Challenges ............................................................................................................................... 3 B. Methodology ............................................................................................................................ 3 II. Conflict dynamics ............................................................................................................................ 3 III. Impact of the Syrian conflict on various civilian groups and communities ..................................... 6 A. Civilians ................................................................................................................................... 6 B. Fighting-age men ..................................................................................................................... 7 C. Women..................................................................................................................................... 8 D. Children ................................................................................................................................... 10 E. The displaced ........................................................................................................................... 12 F. Detainees ................................................................................................................................. 13 G. The besieged ............................................................................................................................ 14 H. Religious and ethnic communities ........................................................................................... 15 I. Medical personnel .................................................................................................................... 18 J. Human rights defenders and lawyers ....................................................................................... 19 K. Journalists ................................................................................................................................ 19 L. Academics ............................................................................................................................... 20 M. Continuing investigations ........................................................................................................ 20 Conclusions and recommendations .................................................................................................. 20 A. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................. 20 B. Recommendations.................................................................................................................... 21 Map of the Syrian Arab Republic ..................................................................................................... 24 IV. Annex 2