A/HRC/18/48 Contents 2 Paragraphs Page I. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1–5 3 II. Drought and famine and the humanitarian situation ................................................ 6–16 3 III. Developments in the political sector......................................................................... 17–21 5 IV. Military advances and developments in the security sector..................................... 22–27 6 V. Developments relating to human rights in South Central Somalia .......................... 28–41 7 A. Protection of civilians....................................................................................... 28–31 7 B. Child protection ................................................................................................ 32–33 8 C. Rule of law........................................................................................................ 34 8 D. Freedom of expression and opinion ................................................................. 35–38 8 E. Women’s rights................................................................................................. 39–41 9 VI. Universal periodic review of Somalia ...................................................................... 42–44 9 VII. Human rights situation in Somaliland ...................................................................... 45–51 10 VIII. Human rights situation in Puntland........................................................................... 52–62 11 IX. Human rights situation in the regions of Sool, Sanaag and Cayn............................ 63–65 13 X. Situation in Gulmudug State ..................................................................................... 66 13 XI. Situation in Somalia .................................................................................................. 67–81 13 XII. Recommendations ..................................................................................................... 82–119 16 A. Transitional Federal Government..................................................................... 82–103 16 B. Somaliland ........................................................................................................ 104–107 19 C. Puntland ............................................................................................................ 108–110 19 D. The United Nations and the international community..................................... 111–119 19