A/HRC/4/8 page 11 proposed as an alleged new category of collective rights. The idea was supported primarily by developing States. These collective rights include: the right to economic and social development; the right to participate in the benefits of the “common heritage of mankind”; the right to peace; the right to a healthy and sustainable environment; the right to humanitarian assistance and disaster relief; the right to communication. 42. In the case of third-generation rights there are no special enforcement procedures available at all, apart from the usual mechanisms established in relations between States. 43. How should third-generation rights be acknowledged in the United Nations human rights machinery? Third-generation rights may be described as certain rights, which are in the interest of mankind as a collective body. Since the 1970s, third-generation rights have been referred to in many resolutions, and also by many international actors. The disputed nature of the very existence of third generation rights would imply that they constitute lex feranda at best, and not yet lex lata. However, given the urgency of the demand from many international actors, these rights may very well soon be recognized. 44. In order to correspond to the realization of the Millennium Development Goals, it is intended that third-generation rights emphasize specifically the rights to economic and social development as one of the collective rights. At present, the basis of third-generation rights could be said to be simply moral, but these rights can be construed as having a legal basis in a number of existing international instruments. These include Charter of the United Nations Article 1, paragraphs 2 and 3. 45. These purposes are further reinforced by the substantive provisions of the Charter, particularly Articles 55 and 56, which clearly demonstrate that the creation of suitable international conditions is a prerequisite for the full social development of individuals. Practical examples 46. The independent expert proposes that Member States give consideration to: (a) Making official development assistance more accessible and predictable. Many donors are set to meet the target of dedicating 0.7 per cent of gross national income to official development assistance by the year 2015; (b) The requirements of regional initiatives, particularly in the least developed countries, for monitoring the realization of human rights, especially the right to development; (c) Increasing annual aid flows by at least US $50 billion, with at least half of that directed to Africa. III. CONCLUDING REMARKS 47. The world has become more globalized and the interaction between international actors is more rapid, so there are new challenges to be faced. The benefits and burdens of this global world are not evenly distributed and, without wishing to say that globalization has a detrimental impact on the world, it does produce some negative effects. The world needs a fairer distribution of the benefits of globalization. Furthermore, globalization has