A/HRC/9/7 page 5 a third party, are only reserved to God and are exempted from the authority of judges. No inhabitant of the nation shall be obliged to perform what the law does not demand nor deprived of what it does not prohibit”. Article 20 establishes that “foreigners within the territory of the nation enjoy all the civil rights of citizens; they may practice freely their religion”. 10. Several international human rights instruments related to the freedom of religion apply in Argentina. According to article 75/22 of the Constitution, “treaties and concordats have a higher hierarchy than laws”. In this regard, Argentina listed several human rights instruments, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. Argentina also recognizes the 1981 Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief and the religious “cosmovision” of indigenous peoples. Bahrain [Original: Arabic] 11. Bahrain reported that its national vision was to construct a forward-looking and closely knit Islamic society based on an Islamic approach characterized by moderation, temperance and support for national unity and dialogue among civilizations. The Ministry of Justice and Islamic Affairs is responsible for promoting this vision. In this regard, the mission of the Ministry is to work in the service of the Holy Koran, disseminating Islamic culture on the basis of a moderate and contemporary conception of Islam, overseeing the organization of mosques, developing awqaf (religious endowments) and resources from the zakat (alms tax) and improving the quality of services for pilgrims who undertake the hajj (annual pilgrimage to Mecca during the pilgrimage season) and the umrah (pilgrimage outside the pilgrimage season). Within this overall goal, the strategy of the Ministry is to improve relations among human beings and, to that end, its academic and religious knowledge programmes have been designed to familiarize non-Muslims with Islam and the sacred tenets and noble humanitarian principles of Islam. The Fatih Islamic Centre, overseen by the Ministry, seeks to familiarize the public with Islamic principles as a means of strengthening dialogue and peaceful coexistence among different religions and civilizations. 12. Under the sponsorship of His Majesty King Hamad Bin Isa Al Khalifa, the King of Bahrain, and His Royal Highness Sheikh Abdullah Bin Khalid Al Khalifa, the Deputy Prime Minister, the Ministry of Justice and Islamic Affairs has organized several conferences to promote dialogue. In 2002, an international conference on dialogue between Islam and Christianity organized by the Ministry rejected all manifestations of extremism and affirmed the importance of dialogue in cementing relationships among people of different origins, religions and opinions. At the conference, several recommendations were made on respect for religions and their adherents and symbols. At another international conference on ways of drawing the different schools of Islamic law closer together, it was recommended, inter alia, that greater emphasis should be placed on ensuring and supporting a culture of respect for others, peaceful coexistence and dialogue, while all expressions of contempt for and attempts to misrepresent others should be rejected.