A/HRC/41/43 (d) States should create disincentives, including withdrawal of economic diplomacy and financial support, to deter business enterprises domiciled in their territory and/or jurisdiction from causing, contributing to, or being directly linked to sexual harassment and gender-based violence in conflict-affected or other areas; (e) States should ensure that effective gender-transformative remedies are available to women who experience sexual harassment and gender-based violence. They should also ensure that business enterprises that cause, contribute to or are directly linked to sexual harassment and gender-based violence are held accountable swiftly; (f) States should give women and women’s organizations a central role in conflict resolution and peacebuilding processes. Guiding principle 8 15. States, in line with their international human rights obligations, should treat gender equality as a cross-cutting issue to be integrated in the strategies, policies, programmes and actions of all governmental ministries, departments, agencies and institutions that shape business practices. 16. Illustrative actions: (a) States should consider setting up an interministerial body to coordinate efforts to promote substantive gender equality in line with international human rights law and policy frameworks across all governmental bodies; (b) States should organize workshops and peer-learning sessions to enhance gender sensitivity among their officials and policymakers; (c) States should conduct a gender-impact assessment of all laws and policies, including those related to taxation and budgets; (d) States should ensure that governmental authorities at the provincial and municipal levels are aware of women’s human rights and have the capacity to respect, protect and fulfil them. Guiding principle 9 17. States should conduct periodic ex ante and ex post gender-responsive impact assessments of their trade and investment agreements. States should explicitly include in such agreements a binding obligation of investors to respect women’s human rights under national and international law. 18. Illustrative actions: (a) States should ensure the effective participation of women and women’s organizations before and during the negotiation of trade and investment agreements; (b) States should use trade and investment agreements as a strategic tool to protect and promote women’s human rights and enhance economic opportunities for women; (c) States should include provisions concerning access to remedy for businessrelated human rights abuses in their trade and investment agreements. Guiding principle 10 19. States should encourage multilateral institutions to adopt a gender perspective in discharging their respective mandates. States should also ensure that agreements and policy frameworks negotiated in a multilateral setting promote substantive gender equality and avoid exacerbating existing discrimination faced by women. 20. Illustrative actions: (a) States should consider the gender impact of international agreements and policy frameworks adopted in all relevant areas, such as labour, trade, finance, investment, 17