A/HRC/9/23 page 17 it may create employment (although this should be weighed against the risk of the livelihoods being destroyed as a result of the development of agrofuels production), the working conditions in the large plantations typical of the agrofuels industry are often exploitative. 30. Third, since their demand is concentrated in industrialized countries, whereas the production of agrofuels is more efficient and cost-effective in developing countries given their natural comparative advantage in their production in the absence of market-distorting measures, agrofuels encourage a form of economic development based on the expansion of cash crops, further pitting the interests of a small minority of actors producing crops for exports against the interests of both other agricultural producers and the other sections of the population, for which the result may be further inflation of food prices. 31. The conclusion that emerges from the findings (see Annex II) is that the current path in the development of agrofuels for transport is not sustainable, and that if such development goes unchecked, further violations of the right to food will result. Pending the adoption of an international consensus on this issue, any new large-scale investment into the production of agrofuels for transportation should be authorized by government authorities only when its detailed and multi-stakeholder assessment is positive in terms of its implications, both at the domestic and international levels, for the right to food, social conditions and issues related to land tenure, including the displacement of farmers and the indirect environmental impact this might cause in terms of land use. All measures encouraging a market for agrofuels (blending mandates, subsidies and tax breaks) should be revised, since such measures encourage speculation by non-commercial investors, who anticipate that the price of agricultural commodities will remain at high levels and rise further as a result of the growing demand for agricultural commodities on international markets, linked to the creation of this artificial market. 32. Work should be accelerated in the development of an international consensus on agrofuels. In the view of the Special Rapporteur, two outcomes should result. First, international guidelines on the production of agrofuels should be agreed upon. In addition to environmental standards, the guidelines should incorporate the requirements of human rights instruments, particularly with regard to the right to adequate food (as elaborated upon in the FAO Right to Food Guidelines), the right to adequate housing (including protection from evictions and displacements), the rights of workers (including in particular the right to fair remuneration and the right to a healthy working environment), the rights of indigenous peoples, and women’s rights. Countries should be encouraged not to allow further investments in agrofuels unless such guidelines are followed. In addition, and as a means to encourage such compliance, access to international markets could be made conditional upon compliance with the guidelines.36 Similarly, States should be allowed, 36 In defining the relationship between such guidelines as developed through an international consensus and the international trade regime, lessons should be drawn from the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme, which restricts trade between Kimberley participants to certified non-conflict diamonds only, and prohibits trade between Kimberley participants and non-participants.