A/HRC/7/78 page 90 45. Calls upon States: (a) When ratifying the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict, to raise the minimum age for voluntary recruitment of persons into their national armed forces from that set out in article 38, paragraph 3, of the Convention, bearing in mind that under the Convention persons under 18 years of age are entitled to special protection, and to adopt safeguards to ensure that such recruitment is not forced or coerced; (b) To take effective measures to prevent the recruitment and use of children by armed groups, as distinct from the armed forces of a State, including the adoption of legal measures necessary to prohibit and criminalize such practice, and the adoption of measures to prevent re-recruitment, in particular education; (c) To take all feasible measures, in particular educational measures, to ensure the demobilization and effective disarmament of children used in armed conflicts and to implement effective measures for their rehabilitation, physical and psychological recovery and reintegration into society, taking into account the rights and the specific needs of the girl child; (d) To take effective preventive measures against sexual exploitation and abuse by their military and civilian peacekeepers and hold them to account; 46. Calls upon: (a) All States and other parties to armed conflict to respect fully international humanitarian law and, in this regard, calls upon States parties to respect fully the provisions of the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and the Additional Protocols thereto of 8 June 1977; (b) Armed groups that are distinct from the armed forces of a State not, under any circumstances, to recruit or use in hostilities persons under the age of 18 years; (c) All States and relevant United Nations bodies and agencies and regional organizations to integrate the rights of the child into all activities in conflict and post-conflict situations, to ensure adequate child protection training of their staff and personnel, including through the drafting and dissemination of codes of conduct addressing the issue of sexual exploitation and abuse of children, to ensure that States take effective preventive measures against sexual exploitation and abuse by their military and civilian peacekeepers and hold them to account, and to facilitate the participation of children in the development of strategies in this regard, making sure that there are opportunities for children’s voices to be heard and given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child; (d) All States and relevant United Nations bodies to continue to support national and international mine action efforts, including through financial contributions, assistance to victims and social and economic reintegration, mine awareness programmes, mine clearance and child-centred rehabilitation;