A/HRC/19/34
particular attention. These findings led the Special Rapporteur to prepare a thematic report
focusing on the impact of large-scale or major development projects on the human rights
and fundamental freedoms of indigenous peoples and communities (E/CN.4/2003/90).
47.
In 2005, the Commission on Human Rights adopted resolution 2005/69 requesting
the Secretary-General “to appoint a special representative on the issue of human rights and
transnational corporations and other business enterprises”. Under this mandate, the Special
Representative studied the environmental implications of corporate activities, as well as the
role of States in regulating the activities of transnational corporations. The Special
Representative noted the importance of environmental and social impact assessments
already practiced in certain industries, yet also noted some of the deficiencies of these
impact assessments.
48.
The Human Rights Council, since its creation in March 2006, has enacted several
resolutions relevant to the relationship between human rights and the environment,
specifically referring to climate change, the dumping of toxic waste and the right to food. 5
49.
The Human Rights Council has repeatedly stated that massive violations of the right
to adequate food, in particular in developing countries, are related in part to “environmental
degradation, desertification and global climate change, [and] natural disasters”.6 Moreover,
the Council has expressed its concern regarding the impact of natural disasters, disease and
pests on agricultural production and food security. In addition, the Council has referred to
the need to prevent further desertification and land degradation and to expand
environmentally sustainable agriculture to fight worldwide hunger.
50.
Originally established by the Commission on Human Rights in April 2000, the
Special Rapporteur on the right to food is mandated by the Human Rights Council to
promote the protection of the universal right to adequate food and freedom from hunger.
The Special Rapporteur has devoted considerable time to investigating the relationship
between agribusiness, environmental degradation and human rights. The Special
Rapporteur has also studied the potential impacts of climate change on the right to food and
shown that agroecology, with its emphasis on the recycling of nutrients and energy and on
diversifying species, enhances the sustainability of food systems and their resilience to
climate change.
51.
The Human Rights Council has renewed several times the mandate of the Special
Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples. The work of the Rapporteur has focused on
identifying new trends and challenges that affect the human rights of indigenous people and
called attention to the need to reinforce, review and update standards and mechanisms for
the effective protection of indigenous peoples’ rights. The work of the Special Rapporteur
has identified gaps in implementing the rights of indigenous people that relate to the
environment. The annual reports of the Special Rapporteur have referred to deficiencies of
mechanisms for consultation, evaluation and monitoring of national and international
human rights standards when implementing any development project that “directly or
indirectly affects indigenous peoples, their lands, territories, resources and environment,
their sacred places and their cultural environment” (E/CN.4/2006/78, para. 49).
52.
The Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons has also
looked at environmental issues, such as displacement that can be attributed to climate
change. The Special Rapporteur has identified five situations causing displacement that can
be traced to environmental issues: (a) increased hydro-meteorological disasters (i.e.,
5
6
See, for example resolutions 7/23, 10/4,
16/11, 13/4 and 16/27
See resolutions 7/14, 10/12, 13/4 and 16/27.
11
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