A/HRC/43/75 VIII. Conclusions 79. In 2019, the ongoing armed conflict and overall deterioration in security in Libya had an adverse impact on the situation of human rights and further exacerbated political and economic uncertainty. 80. Armed groups, including those integrated under State institutions, continued to be primarily responsible for human rights violations and abuses and violations of international humanitarian law. National institutions were unable, and in some cases unwilling, to ensure accountability or to end impunity. 81. Migrants and refugees in Libya continued to be routinely subjected to a range of serious human rights abuses and violations, including arbitrary detention, torture, sexual violence, abduction for ransom, extortion, forced labour and unlawful killings. Perpetrators continued to operate with impunity. 82. Civic space remained subject to considerable constraints. Civil society actors, including human rights defenders, particularly women human rights defenders and journalists, continued to face threats, intimidation and harassment, and some were the victims of deadly attacks. 83. Following its interactive debate on Libya in 2019, the Human Rights Council has a unique opportunity in 2020 to take concrete steps to counter impunity and to promote accountability in Libya by establishing an international body to investigate human rights violations and abuses and violations of international humanitarian law committed in the country. IX. Recommendations 84. The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights recommends that the Government of National Accord: (a) Address the situation of detainees and all those deprived of liberty by ensuring that the State has exclusive control of all detention facilities and that all cases are processed promptly by independent judicial bodies, and also by ensuring the release of those arbitrarily detained and full respect for due process and fair trial standards, in accordance with Libyan law and international human rights law; (b) Institute a process of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of members of armed groups, together with a vetting programme, compliant with due process standards, to remove and prevent the recruitment into the State security forces of individuals concerning whom there are reasonable grounds to believe they have been involved in violations of international humanitarian law or human rights violations or abuses; (c) Conduct prompt, independent, impartial, thorough and transparent investigations into serious violations of international humanitarian law and human rights violations or abuses, ensuring the right to justice, truth and reparations, appropriate care and protection for victims, and accountability for those responsible, in accordance with the law, and in full compliance with due process and fair trial standards; (d) Ensure the immediate transfer of women detainees to facilities with sufficient female guards and other trained personnel; establish gender-appropriate health-care and other services for women and accompanying children in detention; and protect women detainees from torture and sexual abuse or exploitation; 14