A/HRC/21/46 C. Integration of a gender perspective 58. Consistent with resolution 18/7, which calls for the Special Rapporteur to integrate a gender-sensitive approach throughout the work of the mandate and the victim-centred perspective just described, 28 sensitivity to the different ways in which gross violations of human rights and serious violations of international humanitarian law differently affect men, women, and children is a sine qua non of the successful implementation of the measures under the mandate. While in most situations in which the mandate will be relevant, most victims of disappearance (to cite one violation) and a majority of the combatants that take active part in conflict are male, the aftermath of the violations and of conflict mainly affect women and children, albeit differently. Furthermore, women and children are indeed the majority of victims of certain types of violations and of conflict, as manifested in the gender composition of most internally displaced populations and the distribution of many kinds of sexual and gender-based crimes. 59. Despite some progress in this area, significant challenges remain. These include the following. Establishing the sort of participatory procedures for the design and the implementation of the four different areas under the mandate that take account of the different needs and opportunities of men, women, and children. It must not be assumed that they will all be equally served by the same procedures. Beyond guaranteeing a voice to men, women, and children, processes should be designed that comply with the basic requirements of equality and fairness and lead to equitably differentiated outcomes, in accordance with the different needs and starting points of men, women, and children. Finally, it will be important to contribute to overcoming the tendency to think that with respect to the situations that are relevant for this mandate, adopting a gender perspective means only prioritizing sexual crimes in the case of female victims and thus ignoring other types of victimization to which women are exposed, underestimating the possibility that men can also be the victims of these very crimes and, to the extent that children are included as subjects of consideration, taking them exclusively in their role as passive dependents. V. Conclusions and recommendations 60. The report demonstrates the importance of adopting a comprehensive approach to address gross violations of human rights and serious violations of international humanitarian law, as stipulated by resolution 18/7. The Special Rapporteur considers that the comprehensive approach to questions of truth, justice, reparations and guarantees of non-recurrence can make a distinctive contribution to the realization of a broad catalogue of rights. He will therefore seek to coordinate efforts with related thematic and country mandates so as to maximize efficiency. 61. The Special Rapporteur takes the four components of the mandate as a set of measures that are related to and can reinforce one another, implemented to redress the legacies of gross violations of human rights and serious violations of international humanitarian law. Such redress primarily means giving force to the violated norms. The Special Rapporteur emphasizes that the four elements under the mandate and the specific measures to which the resolution refers rest on established rights and 28 18 See, e.g., Ruth Rubio-Marín and Pablo de Greiff, “Women and Reparations”, The International Journal for Transitional Justice, vol. 1, No. 3 (2006).