A/HRC/39/51 hamper the achievement of development. The commitment to combat inequalities and discrimination is reflected in two goals explicitly focused on this issue. Sustainable Development Goal 5 (Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls) is the stand-alone goal dedicated to bridging the gap between men and women and addressing gender-based discrimination depriving women and girls of their rights and opportunities and thus of their ability to realize their full potential. Women’s equal right to development could in itself be an amplifier of development. However, the realization of their right to development is beset by challenges rooted in the inequalities that pervade their lives. For women, the right to development requires consideration for their lack of voice and participation in decision-making within their families and societies. 32. Sustainable Development Goal 10 (Reducing inequality within and among countries) is the goal designed to address inequalities across the spectrum of development goals. In addition, all other Sustainable Development Goals call for more equitable development and universal access to the constituent elements of development for all people. A commitment to equality is reflected, for example, in target 16 (b), which highlights the need for “nondiscriminatory laws and policies for sustainable development” as an essential element of the framework for effective development, or target 4.1 requesting States to ensure that “all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education”. The 2030 Agenda also contains the commitment to disaggregate data across all goals in order to measure the extent to which its central pledge to leave no one behind has been met. 33. Target 10.3 under Sustainable Development Goal 10 specifically calls on States to ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regard. Equality of opportunity typically means that all people are treated equally in the application of law or, for example, when applying for work or in relation to access to education and health care. This concept is not inconsistent with reducing inequalities of wealth or income but, as discussed above, income inequalities may lead to unequal opportunities and discrimination. Inequalities of outcome, however, can be measured on a number of issues: wealth, health, education or income. Policies aimed at reducing inequalities of outcome should have a redistributive focus. 34. To measure the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, States agreed on 169 targets and 232 indicators 38 and to a process of voluntary national reviews in the framework of the high-level political forum on sustainable development, convened under the auspices of the Economic and Social Council. States have agreed that, in 2019, the theme of the forum will be “Empowering people and ensuring inclusiveness and equality”. 35. The voluntary common reporting guidelines for voluntary national reviews at the high-level political forum39 suggest that voluntary national reviews should: be open, inclusive, participatory and transparent for all people; support reporting by all relevant stakeholders; be people-centred and gender-sensitive, and respect human rights; and have a particular focus on the poorest, most vulnerable and those furthest behind. They should ideally also include information regarding what mechanisms have been used to engage stakeholders from civil society, academia and the business sector, and how the national report to the high-level political forum has been discussed at the national level and who was engaged in the discussions. The reporting guidelines also suggest that the voluntary national reviews could assess how the principle of leaving no one behind has been mainstreamed in 38 39 12 The global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals, developed by the InterAgency and Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goal Indicators, was agreed upon at the fortyeighth session of the Statistical Commission and adopted by the General Assembly in resolution 71/313 of 6 July 2017. The list of indicators is refined annually: it includes the global indicator framework as contained in the resolution and refinements agreed by the Statistical Commission at its forty-ninth session in March 2018 (see E/CN.3/2018/2, annex II). See https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/Global%20Indicator%20Framework%20after%20refinement_E ng.pdf. See https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/17346Updated_Voluntary_Guidelines. pdf.