allow for the registration of the child immediately after birth, irrespective of his/her status, to ensure that registration procedures are simple, expeditious and effective and provided free of charge, and to raise awareness of the importance of birth registration at the national, regional and local levels; 17. Calls upon States to take necessary measures to prevent and combat illegal adoptions and all adoptions that are not in the best interest of the child, by establishing policy, legislation and effective supervision for the protection of children involved in national and intercountry adoptions, bearing in mind the best interest of the child; 18. Also calls upon States to address cases of international abduction of children, bearing in mind that the best interest of the child shall be a primary consideration, and encourages States to engage in multilateral and bilateral cooperation to ensure, inter alia, the return of the child to the country where he or she resided immediately before removal or retention and, in this respect, to pay particular attention to cases of international abduction of children by one of their parents or other relatives; 19. Further calls upon States to guarantee, to the extent consistent with the obligations of each State, the right of a child whose parents reside in different States to maintain, on a regular basis, save in exceptional circumstances, personal relations and direct contact with both parents by providing enforceable means of access and visitation in both States and by respecting the principle that both parents have common responsibilities for the upbringing and development of their children; 20. Reaffirms the findings of the General Assembly in paragraph 16 of its resolution 62/141 and the importance of promoting appropriate parental care and family preservation where possible, and encourages States to adopt and enforce laws and improve the implementation of policies and programmes to protect children growing up without parents or caregivers; where alternative care is necessary, decision-making should be in the best interests of the child, in full consultation with the child and his/her legal guardians, and in this context, encourages the advancement of the draft United Nations guidelines for the appropriate use and conditions of