Right to education 23. Calls upon all States: (a) To recognize the right to education on the basis of equal opportunity and non-discrimination by making primary education available, free and compulsory for all children, by ensuring that all children, particularly girls, children in need of special protection, children with disabilities, indigenous children, children belonging to minorities and children of different ethnic origins, internally displaced and refugee children and children living in conflict-affected areas and countries and children affected and living with HIV/AIDS have access to good quality education, as well as making secondary education generally available and accessible for all, in particular by the progressive introduction of free education, bearing in mind that special measures to ensure equal access, including affirmative action, contribute to achieving equal opportunity and combating exclusion; (b) To design and implement programmes to provide social services to and support for pregnant adolescents and adolescent mothers, in particular to enable them to continue and complete their education; (c) To ensure that children, from an early age, benefit from education programmes, materials and activities that develop respect for human rights and fully reflect the values of peace, non-violence against oneself and others, tolerance and gender equality; (d) To enable children, including adolescents, to exercise their right to express their views freely, the views of the child being given due weight in accordance with age and maturity of the child; The girl child 24. Calls upon all States to take all necessary measures, including legal reforms where appropriate: (a) To ensure the full and equal enjoyment by girls of all human rights and fundamental freedoms, to take effective actions against violations of those rights and