A/HRC/41/50 different economic approach in order to reinforce the sustainability of environmental and social justice.15 29. The relationship between development and human rights, including the right to development, has been a subject of continuous debate. There are disagreements over the nature of States’ responsibilities in realizing the right to development and over how much emphasis to place on the national dimension of State obligations, such as those relating to individual rights and the corresponding State responsibilities, the rule of law, good governance and combating corruption, compared to international obligations, such as those relating to the international order, development cooperation and global governance. Looking beyond those debates, the 2030 Agenda is grounded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, international human rights instruments, the United Nations Millennium Declaration and the 2005 World Summit Outcome, and it is informed by other instruments such as the Declaration on the Right to Development. This is the recognition that development cannot be achieved without the realization of human rights and, likewise, human rights cannot be fully realized until sufficient levels of development are attained. Development and human rights, including the right to development, are interlinked and mutually dependent. 16 If a State ignores its requirements for economic and social development, that leads to the undermining of human rights as a whole in its territory. Development is therefore the fundamental way to fulfil human rights. 30. After five years of applying the development framework established in the Declaration on the Right to Development and responding to the requests of the Working Group on the Right to Development, the high-level task force on the implementation of the right to development became aware that the greatest challenge in the implementation of the right to development, in theory and in practice, is to reconcile the conceptual approaches to human rights and economics. In other words, the challenge is to maintain a holistic vision of human rights, applying indivisible and interdependent norms aimed at maximizing the well-being of all individuals and peoples, while addressing development concerns based on sound economic policies that foster growth with equity. 17 31. The Special Rapporteur on the right to development identified politicization and a lack of engagement as challenges to the realization of the right to development. The political divide has resulted in a low level of engagement of both United Nations agencies and civil society organizations in promoting, protecting and fulfilling the right to development (A/HRC/36/49, para. 30). Despite the progressive evolution of the concept of the right to development and its inclusion in some international and regional instruments and national constitutions, the general levels of awareness and engagement in its implementation are low. Progress in development has been uneven, particularly for people in Africa, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States, and in developing countries more generally. In addition, the low level of awareness about the right to development among grass-roots organizations further hampers advocacy efforts. The Special Rapporteur also identified some adverse global trends relating to global economic development that affect the realization of the right to development: the global financial and economic crisis, the energy and climate crisis, the increasing number of natural disasters, the new global pandemics, the increase in automation in many sectors, corruption, illicit financial flows, privatization of public services, austerity and other measures, and the ageing of the global population, including in developing countries. The rise of nationalistic tendencies and the related trend to move away from international solidarity and cooperation may further weaken international governance. Addressing these challenges will require the concerted effort of all relevant stakeholders, both at the national and international levels. 15 16 17 Contribution from the World Social Forum on Health and Social Security. Contribution from the Special Rapporteur on the right to development. High-level task force on the implementation of the right to development, “The right to development in practice: provisional lessons learned” in Realizing the Right to Development: Essays in Commemoration of 25 Years of the United Nations Declaration on the Right to Development (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.12.XIV.1), p. 469. 9