A/HRC/6/6 page 10 Furthermore, these parties gain the clout of democratic legitimacy by integrating governing coalitions in a number of countries, which allow them to implement their political platforms. Themes such as immigration, national identity, national security and fight against terrorism are lumped together as a single political rhetoric that serves to justify an open discrimination against Muslim citizens and non-citizens. 27. This rise in political tolerance of Islamophobia can be clearly detected through the advance of extreme right parties with open anti-Islamic platforms, particularly in several European countries. As the Special Rapporteur informed in his previous report on “Political platforms which promote or incite racial discrimination”, traditional far-right parties have become more visible and vocal in recent years, as exemplified by the creation of the Identity, Tradition and Sovereignty group in the European Parliament, which gathers representatives from far-right parties of seven member States (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Italy, Romania and the United Kingdom) (A/HRC/5/10, para. 16). Since 11 September 2001, these far-right parties have put forward an increasing message of xenophobia and, in particular, Islamophobia. This phenomenon is gaining ground in different regions of the world (see A/HRC/5/10). 4. Expressions of Islamophobia 28. Islamophobia can take very different and sometimes cumulative forms, which include individual acts of discrimination against Muslim populations, such as physical and verbal attacks against Muslims, profanation of their places of worship and culture, and predominantly institutionalized forms of racism, including social and ideological discrimination. 29. With regard to individual acts of discrimination, the Special Rapporteur has noted a mounting tendency to dismiss the significance of these events as trivial. Examples of such individual practices include the frequent cases of Muslim women that had their hijab, or headscarf, forcefully removed in public places, usually followed by insults and threats. Acts of physical violence have also been increasing, as for example the murder of a Malian woman and the shooting of a Turkish woman by an anti-immigration fanatic in Belgium in May 2006; the attack against a Moroccan actor participating in an anti-racism festival in Olsztyn, Poland in 2006 or the attack of Middle Eastern citizens during an anti-immigration march in Sydney in December 2005. 30. A characteristic area of individual acts of discrimination against Muslims has been airports. There have been many reports of cases of baseless accusations against Muslim citizens in airports around the world. Although some of these acts have been perpetrated by State institutions, including the security services, others have arisen from individual actions of passengers and other airport users, which is revealing of the general climate of Islamophobia. Such individual demonstrations of Islamophobia included calls by pilots for airport security to intervene against Muslim passengers, petitions by passengers to exclude Muslim passengers because of alleged suspicion, etc. In its most aggressive instance, this practice led to the withdrawal of the security clearance of several Muslim workers at Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport in 2006 on the basis that they constituted a threat to passengers.