A/HRC/28/28 widespread abuse of human rights by ISIL and the Al-Nusrah Front, demanded that they and all other entities associated with Al-Qaida cease all violence and terrorist acts, and immediately disarm and disband. It also stressed the need to bring perpetrators, including foreign terrorist fighters, to justice. The Council called upon Member States to take national measures to suppress the flow of fighters to join the groups, reiterating the obligations deriving from previous counter-terrorism resolutions to prevent the movement of terrorists and their supply with arms or financial support. 34. In its resolution 2178 (2014), the Security Council condemned violent extremism and decided that Member States should, consistent with international law, prevent the recruiting, organizing, transporting or equipping of individuals who travel to a State other than their States of residence or nationality for the purpose of the perpetration, planning of, or participation in terrorist acts. Expressing concern at the establishment of international terrorist networks, the Council underscored the particular and urgent need to implement the resolution with respect to foreign terrorist fighters associated with ISIL, the Al-Nusrah Front and other cells, affiliates, splinter groups or derivatives of Al-Qaida, as designated by the Committee established pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999) and 1989 (2011). 35. Importantly, in its resolution 2178 (2014), the Security Council also reaffirms the obligation of all Member States to comply with international human rights law when fighting terrorism, underscoring that, at a practical level, respect for human rights and the rule of law are essential to a successful counter-terrorism effort. It noted that a failure to comply with human rights and other international obligations, including under the Charter, contributed to increased radicalization and fostered a sense of impunity. 36. In addressing the flow of foreign fighters, it is critical that States integrate compliance with their obligations under international human rights law by stepping up measures to address the conditions conducive to terrorism and to counter violent extremism; by combating impunity and ensuring accountability for any gross violation of international human rights and serious violation of international humanitarian law; and by ensuring that any measures they take in their efforts to stem the flow of foreign fighters and prevent the commission of criminal acts comply with their obligations under international human rights law. 1. Addressing the conditions conducive to terrorism and countering violent extremism 37. Terrorism continues to thrive in environments where State-sponsored violence and corruption continues with impunity, in particular where tensions among ethnic, religious and linguistic groups persist and grievances between social groups fester, and where a lack of respect for the rule of law allows a climate of injustice to take root. Factors that may contribute to such conditions include violations related to prolonged, unresolved conflicts; ethnic, national and religious discrimination; political exclusion and socioeconomic marginalization; and a climate of impunity. These may all contribute to laying the groundwork for hatred and radicalize individuals who may go on to commit violent acts of terrorism. As the Secretary-General highlighted during the open debate of the Security Council on international cooperation and violent extremism on 19 November 2014, problems are further exacerbated when counter-terrorism efforts are not sufficiently targeted and entire communities feel victimized by human rights violations committed in the name of counter-terrorism. 38. In my briefing to the Security Council on the situation in Iraq on 18 November 2014, I emphasized that national and international strategies to counter ISIL have so far concentrated on a security approach, without sufficient attention to addressing these broader conditions and countering extremist ideologies. As the Council highlighted in its resolution 2178 (2014), States should engage relevant local communities and nongovernmental actors in developing strategies to counter the violent extremist narrative that 12