A/HRC/27/42 to September 2013, during which over 300 victims and witnesses were interviewed, UNJHRO was able to confirm that at least 59 civilians, including four children, were killed during different attacks by Mai Mai combatants between May 2012 and June 2013. During those attacks, at least 245 civilians, including seven children, were also victims of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and other violations of the right to physical integrity. This included the rape of at least 45 women, including five girls. Other human rights violations included the abduction and/or arbitrary or unlawful detention of at least 255 civilians, as well as the destruction, including burning, of houses or entire villages. The UNJHRO teams faced limited access to the affected areas for the documentation and verification of the high number of allegations received throughout the reporting period. The figures mentioned above thus only refer to cases that UNJHRO was able to confirm and probably underrepresents the actual number of human rights violations committed by various combatants. 8. According to preliminary findings of a UNJHRO investigation mission conducted during the reporting period, at least 106 women, including 33 minors, were reportedly raped, at least 100 individuals abducted, and three summarily executed by Mai Mai combatants during attacks on villages in Mambasa territory, Orientale province, between 20 February and 18 May 2014. The majority of those attacks followed the alleged killing of the leader of the group, Paul Sadala alias Morgan, by FARDC soldiers, on 14 April 2014, while he was reportedly surrendering. B. Violations committed by the defence and security forces 9. Defence and security forces were responsible for serious human rights violations in various parts of the country, including in non-conflict areas — affecting nearly 50 per cent of the total number of victims of human rights violations documented. 10. On 30 December 2013, in Lubumbashi and Kinshasa, 70 civilians were killed, mainly by FARDC soldiers, during a defence and security operation against followers of political opponent and religious leader Joseph Mukungubila, in response to attacks against strategic government installations in Lubumbashi, Kinshasa and Kindu. 11. The results of investigations carried out by UNJHRO in July 2013 showed that FARDC soldiers had also been responsible for killing at least 19 civilians and for other serious human rights violations, including extensive looting, between July 2012 and July 2013, in Katanga province, during operations in Pweto territory against Mai Mai combatants. In an incident on 17 November 2013, in Manono territory, Katanga province, FARDC soldiers allegedly shot to death nine adults accused of being Mai Mai Kata Katanga combatants. In addition, more than 370 cases of looting and destruction of property were reported to have taken place in August and September 2013, during FARDC military operations against Forces de résistance patriotiques en Ituri (FRPI) combatants in several villages in the southern part of Irumu territory, Orientale province. 12. Human rights violations, including arbitrary killings, perpetrated by agents of the Congolese National Police (PNC) were also registered during the reporting period. In this regard, UNJHRO observed that, in the western provinces, the majority of the human rights violations registered between June 2013 and May 2014, had been committed by PNC agents. Moreover, from 15 November 2013 to 15 February 2014, an operation named “Likofi”,1 organized in Kinshasa to target so-called “kulunas”,2 resulted in the summary 1 6 “Operation Likofi” means “Operation Punch” in Lingala.