A/HRC/23/58 Contents I. II. III. Paragraphs Page Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1–9 4 A. Challenges ...................................................................................................... 4–5 4 B. Methodology ................................................................................................... 6–9 4 ................................................................................................................ 10–37 5 A. Political context .............................................................................................. 10–17 5 B. Military context .............................................................................................. 18–31 6 C. Socioeconomic and humanitarian context ...................................................... 32–37 8 Violations concerning the treatment of civilians and hors de combat fighters ........ 38–102 9 Context A. Massacres........................................................................................................ 38–50 9 B. Other unlawful killing ..................................................................................... 51–63 11 C. Arbitrary arrest and detention ......................................................................... 64–69 12 D. Hostage-taking ................................................................................................ 70–77 13 E. Enforced disappearance .................................................................................. 78–81 14 F. Torture and other forms of ill-treatment ......................................................... 82–90 14 G. Sexual violence ............................................................................................... 91–95 16 H. Violations of children’s rights ........................................................................ 96–102 16 Violations concerning the conduct of hostilities ..................................................... 103–151 17 A. Unlawful attacks ............................................................................................. 103–114 17 B. Specifically protected persons and objects ..................................................... 115–126 19 C. Pillaging and destruction of property .............................................................. 127–135 20 D. Illegal weapons ............................................................................................... 136–140 21 E. Sieges .............................................................................................................. 141–148 21 F. Forced displacement ....................................................................................... 149–151 22 V. Accountability ......................................................................................................... 152–156 23 VI. Conclusions and recommendations ......................................................................... 157–171 24 I. Correspondence with the Government of the Syrian Arab Republic ............................................... 27 II. Map of the Syrian Arab Republic ..................................................................................................... 30 IV. Annexes 3