A/HRC/39/63 senior officials (see para. 60) in a country that is experiencing a humanitarian crisis and in which much of the population is unable to enjoy the right to food. 2. Responsibility of armed groups and opposition political parties 30. The existence of armed groups at the border continues to pose a threat to the country’s civilian population. To the Commission’s knowledge, none of these groups claimed responsibility for an attack on Burundian soil in 2017 or 2018. Because the Commission has not had access to victims and the Government has repeatedly refused to hand over evidence, the Commission has been unable to corroborate the information it has received on the involvement of armed groups in human rights violations in Burundi since 2015. In particular, it has not been able to identify the group responsible for the killing of at least 24 people on 11 May 2018 in the district (commune) of Buganda, Province of Cibitoke. The findings of the investigation carried out by the Burundian authorities have not yet been released. 31. The Commission noted that on 3 and 5 April 2018, a call to arms via Twitter and Facebook was issued by Jérémie Minani, a member of the governing body of the National Council for the Restoration of the Arusha Peace and Reconciliation Agreement for Burundi, the Constitution and the Rule of Law, which is a platform for opposition political parties in exile. On 8 June 2018, the Civic Forum of Burundi issued a statement, signed by the President of the Council and representatives of civil society organizations in exile, calling for a “revolution” by the Burundian people. While the statement cannot be described as a clear incitement to armed conflict, the use of revolutionary language nevertheless raises the possibility of recourse to violence. C. 1. (a) Violations of civil and political rights Right to life Summary execution 32. While summary executions were not found to have taken place on a large scale, as occurred in 2015, several witness statements attest to the persistence of such violations, primarily against persons who belonged or were suspected of belonging to the opposition, in particular when such persons refused to join CNDD-FDD, to register to vote in the referendum or to pay contributions. 33. Most of those alleged to have perpetrated summary executions since 2017 have been members of the National Intelligence Service, the police or the Imbonerakure. Members of the Imbonerakure have acted either alone or in conjunction with the security forces, or under the supervision of the latter. 34. The practice of concealing the bodies, including by weighing them down with stones and throwing them into watercourses or by transporting them from one province or district to another in order to make them harder to identify, has persisted. It also continues to be the case that when bodies are found, they are simply buried and no investigation is conducted. (b) Enforced disappearance 35. The phenomenon of arbitrary arrest and detention, including in secret locations, the concealment of bodies and the impunity prevailing in the country have continued to create a climate of secrecy that is conducive to cases of disappearance. This secrecy is exacerbated by the restrictions imposed on independent journalists and civil society organizations and by victims’ reluctance to file complaints for fear of reprisals. According to some testimonies, individuals have disappeared following night-time raids on their homes carried out by Imbonerakure. Cases of disappearance also continue to be attributed to officers of the National Intelligence Service and the police. 36. At this stage of its investigations, the Commission has reasonable grounds to believe that Léopold Habarugira, an official of the opposition party Union pour la paix et le développement-Zigamibanga, who was arrested on 12 September 2017 by a group of 8 GE.18-13070