A/HRC/33/39
14.
In 2015, the economy grew by 7 per cent, and is projected to continue at
approximately the same rate in 2016. With GDP per capita currently at $1,138, Cambodia is
expected to cross the threshold to lower-middle income status in 2016. Progress has,
however, been uneven. The World Bank has estimated that, on the basis of the official
poverty threshold, although the poverty rate had fallen to below 18 per cent of the
population in 2012 (90 per cent of the poor being in rural areas), many Cambodians
remained highly vulnerable to minor shocks; the loss of only 30 cents per person per day
would more than double the poverty rate. According to a presentation made during World
Bank Group in-country consultations for Cambodia on 29 June 2015, overall, the poor and
near poor are estimated to account for 72 per cent of the population.
15.
In 2016, the Government commenced its mid-term review of the National Strategic
Development Plan for the period 2014-2018, which provides an opportunity to align
national policies with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development2 and its 17
Sustainable Development Goals. The Government has embraced the 2030 Agenda, pledged
to add an eighteenth Goal, on mine action, and begun a consultative process of localization.
16.
Certain public administration reforms relating to civil service, decentralization and
deconcentration, and public finance management, have made progress. Salaries for civil
servants are now paid by bank transfer instead of in cash, which will help to combat
corruption. Corruption in general, however, remains widespread,; according to
Transparency International, Cambodians perceive the judiciary as the most corrupt of all
State institutions; the Human Rights Institute of the International Bar Association made a
similar finding in a report released in September 2015.3
17.
The lack of independence of the judiciary remains an obstacle to the protection of
human rights. The Government of Cambodia has been pursuing reforms in court
administration, which OHCHR is supporting, in cooperation with the Ministry of Justice,
by providing members of the legal profession with concrete tools to assist judges in taking
decisions on pretrial detention, and improving case management. One significant
achievement has been the further reduction in cases awaiting appeal for an excessively
lengthy period of time.
18.
OHCHR continued to build the capacity of national counterparts. It reached out to
subnational authorities on indigenous rights, prison officials on a rights-based approach to
prison management, and government and private sector actors on business and human
rights. Progress was made in the effective implementation of human rights training for law
professionals as part of compulsory general training programmes for lawyers or mandatory
refresher sessions on professional ethics for judges and prosecutors. OHCHR extended its
outreach to the general public by means of new communication tools and media. Its work in
Cambodia has been informed by the conclusions and recommendations of United Nations
treaty bodies, the special procedures, the universal periodic review on Cambodia in January
2014 (see A/HRC/26/16), and the new global commitments under the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development.
2
3
4
General Assembly resolution 70/1.
Transparency International Cambodia, Corruption and Cambodia’s Governance System: The Need
for Reform, National Integrity System Assessment 2014; International Bar Association, Human
Rights Institute, “Justice versus Corruption: Challenges to the Independence of the Judiciary in
Cambodia”, September 2015.
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