A/HRC/28/45 Aqsa mosque within the compound and Jews at the Western Wall outside, would be changed touch on some of the most sensitive religious and political issues surrounding the conflict. 58. On 29 October 2014, a rabbi involved with organizations aiming to build a Jewish temple in the compound was shot and seriously injured in West Jerusalem, shortly after the 22 October light rail incident (see para. 24 above). The alleged perpetrator was killed the same night by the Israeli security forces. In an apparent response to the increased tension and clashes, the Israeli authorities reportedly launched a campaign of enforcement of municipal laws that had previously been largely unenforced, specifically in East Jerusalem.101 East Jerusalem was only made subject to those laws as a result of its illegal annexation by Israel. The enforcement campaign was criticized for being selective and discriminatory.102 An increase in demolitions of houses without building permits at the end of the reporting period only prompted further demonstrations and clashes amid heightened tension in the city.103 F. Palestinian disunity as a driver of conflict and human rights violations 59. The seven-year political split between Hamas and Fatah, which began with serious intra-Palestinian violence in 2007, has contributed to serious human rights violations and abuses and the lack of accountability in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. Palestinian division is not only a key driver of intra-Palestinian conflict and human rights violations and abuses; it also makes peace harder to achieve.104 Summary executions and the death penalty 60. During the 2014 escalation in Gaza, members of Palestinian armed groups allegedly summarily executed at least 21 “collaborators”, including 16 prisoners taken from Katiba Prison by masked men and five others executed at different locations.105 As far as OHCHR is aware, no investigations into those incidents had been initiated by the end of the reporting period. The de facto authorities in Gaza also imposed the death penalty on numerous occasions, at least in some cases after unfair trials.106 During all three escalations in the past six years, Palestinian armed groups carried out a number of summary executions of suspected collaborators. In the West Bank, there are concerns regarding the use of force by Palestinian security forces, including during the reporting period, and the lack of accountability in such cases.107 Arbitrary detention, torture and ill-treatment of political opponents 61. OHCHR has for some time documented the arbitrary detention, torture and illtreatment of political opponents by Palestinian security forces in the West Bank and in 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 jerusalem.html. www.haaretz.com/news/national/.premium-1.623297; www.timesofisrael.com/mayor-tells-police-toup-home-demolitions-in-e-jerusalem-amid-riots/. www.btselem.org/jerusalem/20141105_draconian_steps_in_jerusalem. www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_protection_of_civilians_weekly_report_2014_ 11_07_english.pdf. Security Council resolutions 1850 (2008) and 1860 (2009);,www.un.org/sg/statements/?nid=5240. Source: OHCHR. A/HRC/25/40, paras. 69–71. A/HRC/25/40, paras. 15–17 and 57. 17