A/HRC/42/42/Add.2 need to better understand the root causes and motivational factors behind their decisions to engage in armed conflict abroad. 63. In this context, it is ever more critical to strengthen the Government’s work and collaboration with multisectoral actors such as those involved in the National Network for Prevention and Countering Violent Extremism and De-radicalisation to ensure, inter alia, that punitive measures are applied in cases where they are deemed appropriate. Furthermore, rehabilitation measures should be tailored to individuals who could benefit from such programmes. Such an approach can take into account the various situations of children, women and men with diverse and unique profiles. Those include situations where children are born to these individuals and are innocent victims of the foreign fighter phenomenon. 64. Rehabilitation and reintegration programmes have attracted considerable interest for their community-driven, holistic approaches, which draw on mental health support, education and employment counselling and even religious theorizing. A number of good practices are present in Europe, including the Aarhus model, whereby Danish authorities have provided around 330 returning fighters with psychological counselling and job support. Another innovative approach is the Belgian Vilvoorde method, which was launched in 2014 and focuses on whole families. While these approaches have had some success, most counter-terrorism experts agree that prevention is the best approach. In many cases, radicalization is a symptom of social isolation and marginalization, and many of the same tools that are used to support individuals’ reintegration into society could help to prevent them from disengaging in the first place. 16 65. Several interlocutors noted, however, that the State appears to be more interested in attacking the manifestations of radical Islam than in the causes of the alienation that has led people to radicalization and violent extremism. It was also noted that there has been excessive interest in criminalizing adherence to certain religious beliefs, rather than in addressing the causes of extremism. The Working Group reiterated that efforts to tackle violent extremism must be devoted both to assessing its root causes and to taking security measures, and that Austria had the expertise and dedicated resources available to prevent violent extremism through measures that were aligned with human rights principles and standards. 66. In its dialogue with authorities regarding the measures taken to address the phenomenon of foreign fighters, the Working Group emphasized that human rights and human security are mutually reinforcing. Without rights, there is no security. Without security, there are no rights. Human rights are centred on the notion of human dignity. Discrimination, such as that reflected in laws and policies that distinguish and prejudice a single religion or ethnic group, can result in increasing insecurity, rather than in its elimination. III. Private security companies 67. The Working Group notes that there is no specific and comprehensive legislative or other regulation of private security companies in Austria. While acknowledging that Austria does not currently have significant problems with this industry, the Working Group highlights the need to establish clear regulations to offset any potential problems, including human rights abuses at the hands of these companies. There are currently around 700 private security companies in the country, many of which are small-scale operations that provide guarding and detective services. 68. The licensing and registration of private security companies in Austria comes under the competence of the Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairs, although the Ministry of the Interior oversees certain aspects, including the vetting of company personnel. With the piloting of the use of the multinational private security company G4S in Vordernberg, the Working Group notes that there is even more of reason to draw up national regulations to effectively address the transborder activities of such companies, and in particular to clearly 16 12 Ibid.