A/HRC/RES/42/3 1. Expresses grave concern at continuing reports of serious human rights violations and abuses in Myanmar, including against Rohingya Muslims and other minorities, including of arbitrary arrests, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, forced labour, the use of school buildings for military purposes, socioeconomic exploitation, the forced displacement of more than a million Rohingya Muslims to Bangladesh, and sexual and gender-based violence against women and children, as well as restrictions on exercising the rights to freedom of religion or belief, expression and assembly, in particular in Rakhine, Chin, Kachin and Shan States; 2. Expresses serious concern at the recent escalation of violence in Rakhine State causing the loss of lives, displacement and further human suffering, and calls upon all parties to show restraint, to respect their relevant obligations under international human rights law and international humanitarian law, to ensure the safety and protection of civilians and to show readiness to re-engage in dialogue; 3. Reiterates the urgent need to ensure that all those responsible for crimes relating to violations and abuses of international law, including international human rights law, international humanitarian law and international criminal law, are held to account through credible and independent national, regional or international criminal justice mechanisms, and therefore stresses the need for an urgent criminal investigation into alleged crimes against humanity and war crimes in all affected territories in Myanmar, recalls the authority of the Security Council, and welcomes ongoing efforts at the international level; 4. Calls upon Myanmar to end immediately all violence and all violations of international law in Myanmar, to ensure the protection of the human rights of all persons in Myanmar, including of Rohingya Muslims and persons belonging to other minorities, and to take all measures necessary to provide justice to victims, to ensure full accountability and to end impunity for all violations of human rights by undertaking a full, transparent and independent investigation into reports of all violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law; 5. Emphasizes the importance of conducting international, independent, fair and transparent investigations into the gross human rights violations in Myanmar, including sexual and gender-based violence against women and children, and of holding accountable all those responsible for brutal acts and crimes against all persons, including the Rohingya, in order to deliver justice to victims using all legal instruments and international judicial mechanisms; 6. Calls for the immediate cessation of fighting and hostilities, of the targeting of civilians and of all violations and abuses of international human rights law and international humanitarian law, and the implementation of an inclusive and comprehensive national political dialogue and nationwide reconciliation process while ensuring the full, effective and meaningful participation of all ethnic groups, including Rohingya Muslims and other minorities, women and young people, and persons with disabilities, as well as civil society, with the objective of achieving lasting peace, and calls upon political and religious leaders in Myanmar to work for a peaceful resolution through dialogue towards national unity; 7. Reiterates its urgent call upon the Government of Myanmar to take the measures necessary to promote the inclusion, human rights and dignity of all people living in Myanmar, to address the spread of discrimination and prejudice and to combat incitement to hatred against Rohingya Muslims and other minorities by publicly condemning such acts and enacting necessary anti-hate speech laws, in accordance with international human rights standards, and by promoting interfaith dialogue in cooperation with the international community, and encourages political and religious leaders in the country to work towards national unity through dialogue; 8. Also reiterates its urgent call upon the Government of Myanmar to sustain the democratic transition of Myanmar, in particular in view of the general elections in 2020 called by the Government, by bringing all national institutions, including the military, under the democratically elected civilian Government; 9. Welcomes the restoration of Internet and data services in five townships in Rakhine and Chin States, but calls upon the Government of Myanmar to lift the shutdown in 3