A/HRC/4/48 page 9 25. The Ombudsman’s Early Warning System continued to contribute to the prevention of violations and breaches. At the same time, its impact continued to be limited by the absence of timely and efficient responses by the Inter-institutional Committee on Early Warnings. It is also essential that the responses to the warnings place more emphasis on the humanitarian aspects than on military aspects. The community defenders continued to represent another valuable prevention mechanism of the Ombudsman’s Office. 26. In accordance with the recommendations regarding statistics on human rights and IHL, a redoubling of efforts is needed in order to improve the assessment of this situation and thus create a more adequate basis for the formulation of public policies for strengthening human rights. 27. Regarding legislative advances, it is worth mentioning the promulgation of the Statutory Law on Habeas Corpus and the Code on Childhood and Adolescence. Still going through Congress are various bills on issues relating to the protection and guarantee of human rights. They relate to: violence against women; punishment of acts of discrimination based on race, nationality, culture or ethnicity; and social security benefits for same-sex couples. The OHCHR Office acknowledges the political value of the Committee of Women Parliamentarians, set up for the purpose of promoting legislative initiatives to further the fulfilment of women’s rights. III. DEMOBILIZATION AND REINTEGRATION PROCESS 28. The Constitutional Court reviewed the constitutionality of Act No. 975 of 2005, the “Justice and Peace Law”, by means of a decision consistent with several of the observations on this law expressed by the High Commissioner and the OHCHR Office in Colombia. In its decision, the Court decreed that, as a prerequisite for judicial benefits, confession must be complete and truthful; the accused must declare, jointly or severally, all their legally or illegally acquired assets; and classification as a victim must be broader than that originally established in the law. However, with regard to the legal framework applicable to demobilization and reintegration, concerns persist regarding actual guarantees of the rights of the victims to truth, justice and reparation, the cumulative nature of penalties, and the determination of an alternative penalty. Effective implementation of the law would require greater resources and mechanisms that guaranteed the rights of victims. The institutional commitment and political will of the authorities are of fundamental importance in order to prevent the application of transitional justice mechanisms from generating situations of impunity. 29. According to the Office of the High Commissioner for Peace, the total number of collectively demobilized paramilitaries reached 31,671. However, a high percentage of demobilized persons were not participating directly in the hostilities, and some paramilitaries continue to shun demobilization, such as the Casanare Rural Self-Defence Group and the Cacique Pipintá Front. Most of the paramilitary leaders are detained in a high-security jail. Particularly disturbing is the fact that many middle-level paramilitary cadres did not demobilize, or rearmed, and are now leading the new illegal armed groups that have been emerging in various parts of the country. These are characterized by close identification with organized crime and drug trafficking. It is a source of concern to the High Commissioner that political and economic structures created by paramilitaries in various areas and sectors of society remain in existence.